Receiver Multiuser Diversity Aided Multi-Stage MMSE Multiuser Detection for DS-CDMA and SDMA Systems Employing I-Q Modulation

The so-called receiver multiuser diversity aided multistage minimum mean-square error multiuser detector (RMD/MS-MMSE MUD), which was proposed previously by the author, is investigated in the context of the direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS- CDMA) and space-division multiple-access (SDMA) systems that employ in- and quadrature-phase (I-Q) modulation schemes. A detection scheme is studied, which is operated in real domain in the principles of successive interference cancellation (SIC). The concept of noise recognition factor (NRF) is proposed for explaining the efficiency of SIC-type detectors and also for motivating to design other high-efficiency detectors. The achievable bit error rate (BER) performance of the RMD/MS-MMSE MUD is investigated for DS-CDMA and SDMA systems of either full-load or overload, when communicating over Rayleigh fading channels for the SDMA and over either additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) or Rayleigh fading channels for the DS-CDMA. The studies and performance results show that the RMD/MS-MMSE MUD is a highly promising MUD. It has low implementation complexity and good error performance. Furthermore, it is a high-flexibility detector suitable for various communication systems operated in different communication environments

Time-Hopping Multicarrier Code-Division Multiple-Access

A time-hopping multicarrier code-division multiple-access (TH/MC-CDMA) scheme is proposed and investigated. In the proposed TH/MC-CDMA each information symbol is transmitted by a number of time-domain pulses with each time-domain pulse modulating a subcarrier. The transmitted information at the receiver is extracted from one of the, say $M$, possible time-slot positions, i.e., assuming that $M$-ary pulse position modulation is employed. Specifically, in this contribution we concentrate on the scenarios such as system design, power spectral density (PSD) and single-user based signal detection. The error performance of the TH/MC-CDMA system is investigated, when each subcarrier signal experiences flat Nakagami-$m$ fading in addition to additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). According to our analysis and results, it can be shown that the TH/MC-CDMA signal is capable of providing a near ideal PSD, which is flat over the system bandwidth available, while decreases rapidly beyond that bandwidth. Explicitly, signals having this type of PSD is beneficial to both broadband and ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) communications. Furthermore, our results show that, when optimum user address codes are employed, the single-user detector considered is near-far resistant, provided that the number of users supported by the system is lower than the number of subcarriers used for conveying an information symbol

Downlink MBER beamforming transmitter based on uplink MBER beamforming receiver for TDD-SDMA systems

The downlink minimum bit error rate (MBER) transmit beamforming is directly derived based on the uplink MBER receive beamforming for time division duplex (TDD) space-division multiple-access (SDMA) multiple-input multiple-output systems, where the base station (BS) is equipped with multiple antennas to support multiple single-antenna mobile terminals (MTs). It is shown that the relationship between multiuser detection and multiuser transmission can still be applied for the rank-deficient system where the number of users supported is more than the number of transmit antennas available at the BS, if the MBER design is adopted. The proposed MBER transmit beamforming scheme is capable of achieving good performance for rank-deficient TDD-SDMA systems with the support of low-complexity and high power-efficient MTs, and its robustness to the downlink and uplink noise or channel mismatch is verified using simulation

DS-CDMA with <i>M</i> -ary orthogonal modulation for wireless sensor networks simultaneously monitoring multiple events

In this paper, we propose a novel WSN framework for one fusion center to monitor simultaneously multiple source events (SEs), each of which has multiple states. In the proposed WSN, every SE is observed by a range of local sensors, which convey their observations to the fusion center in the principles of direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) associated with M -ary orthogonal modulation (MOM). Therefore, the proposed WSN is referred to as the MOM DS-CDMA WSN. In the MOM DS-CDMA WSN, the local sensors monitoring the same SE transmit their signals to the fusion center in the principles of time-division multiple-access (TDMA), while the local sensors serving different SEs communicate with the fusion center in the principles of DS-CDMA. By making use of the advantages of MOM, the fusion center detects the SEs’ states either coherently based on the maximal ratio combing (MRC) fusion rule, or non-coherently based on the equal gain combining (EGC) fusion rule. The detection performance of the fusion center is investigated by simulations. Specifically, the impacts of the number of SEs, the number of local sensors per SE, the observation reliability of local sensors, the reliability of the channels from local sensors to fusion center, etc., on the fusion detection performance are addressed

Energy Loss in Nuclear Drell-Yan Process

By means of the nuclear parton distributions which can be used to provide a good explanation for the EMC effect in the whole x range, we investigate the energy loss effect in nuclear Drell-Yan process. When the cross section of lepton pair production is considered varying with the center-of-mass energy of the nucleon-nucleon collision, we find that the nuclear Drell-Yan(DY) ratio is suppressed due to the energy loss, which balances the overestimate of the DY ratio only in consideration of the effect of nuclear parton distributions.Comment: 10 pages, LaTeX, 1 ps figures, To appear in Eur. Phys. J.

Transmit Diversity Assisted Space Shift Keying for Colocated and Distributed/Cooperative MIMO Elements

Space Shift Keying (SSK) modulation is a recently proposed MIMO technique, which activates only a single transmit antenna during each time slot and uses the specific index of the activated transmit antenna to implicitly convey information. Activating a single antenna is beneficial in terms of eliminating the inter-channel interference, and mitigates the peak-to-mean power ratio, while avoiding the need for synchronisation among transmit antennas. However, this benefit is achieved at a sacrifice, since the transmit diversity gain potential of the multiple transmit antennas is not fully exploited in existing SSK assisted systems. Furthermore, a high SSK throughput requires the transmitter to employ a high number of transmit antennas, which is not always practical. Hence, we propose four algorithms, namely open-loop Space Time Space Shift Keying (ST-SSK), closed-loop feedback-aided phase rotation, feedback-aided power allocation, and cooperative ST-SSK, for the sake of achieving a diversity gain. The performance improvements of the proposed schemes are demonstrated by Monte-Carlo simulations for spatially independent Rayleigh fading channels. Their robustness against channel estimation errors is also considered. We advocate the proposed ST-SSK techniques, which are capable of achieving a transmit diversity gain of about 10 dB at a BER of 10-5, at a cost of imposing a moderate throughput loss dedicated to a modest feedback overhead. Furthermore, our proposed ST-SSK scheme lends itself to efficient communication, because the deleterious effects of deep shadow fading no longer impose spatial correlation on the signals received by the antennas, which cannot be readily avoided by co-located antenna elements

Performance of Hybrid Direct-Sequence Time-Hopping Ultrawide Bandwidth Systems over Nakagami-m Fading Channels

This paper investigates and compares the performance of various ultrawide bandwidth (UWB) systems when communicating over Nakagami-m fading channels. Specifically, the direct-sequence (DS), time-hopping (TH) and hybrid direct-sequence time-hopping (DS-TH) UWB systems are considered. The performance of these UWB systems is studied associated with employing the conventional single-user correlation detector or minimum mean-square error (MMSE) multiuser detector. Our simulation results show that the hybrid DS-TH UWB system may outperform a corresponding pure TH-UWB or pure DS-UWB system in terms of the achievable error performance. Given the total spreading gain of the hybrid DS-TH UWB system, there is an optimal setting of the TH spreading factor and DS spreading factor, which results in the best error performance

Error probability and capacity analysis of generalised pre-coding aided spatial modulation

The recently proposed multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transmission scheme termed as generalized pre-coding aided spatial modulation (GPSM) is analyzed, where the key idea is that a particular subset of receive antennas is activated and the specific activation pattern itself conveys useful implicit information. We provide the upper bound of both the symbol error ratio (SER) and bit error ratio (BER) expression of the GPSM scheme of a low-complexity decoupled detector. Furthermore, the corresponding discrete-input continuous-output memoryless channel (DCMC) capacity as well as the achievable rate is quantified. Our analytical SER and BER upper bound expressions are confirmed to be tight by our numerical results. We also show that our GPSM scheme constitutes a flexible MIMO arrangement and there is always a beneficial configuration for our GPSM scheme that offers the same bandwidth efficiency as that of its conventional MIMO counterpart at a lower signal to noise ratio (SNR) per bit