The meaning of echinococcosis during veterinary-sanitary examination of fresh meat

Iako organi i tkiva invadirani ehinokokima nisu neposredno štetni za zdravlje ljudi, posredno mogu biti veoma opasni. Ljudi se najčešće invadiraju hranom ili vodom koja je zagađena fekalijama pasa koje sadržavaju zrele proglotide tenije Echinococcus granulosus. Prema izvješću Hrvatskog zavoda za javno zdravstvo broj oboljelih ljudi u posljejdnjih desetak godina raste tako da je 1994. godine registrirano 11 oboljelih, a 2002. godine oboljele su 32 osobe. U pogledu izravnih šteta što ih uzrokuje ehinokokoza, prema podacima iz 1997. godine zbog ehinokokoznih promjena odbačeno je u Hrvatskoj više od 400 tona jetre i pluća zaklanih životinja. Prema izvješću Uprave za veterinarstvo Republike Hrvatske za 1998 godinu pri veterinarsko-sanitarnom pregledu životinja za klanje ehinokokoza je utvrđena u ukupno 55699 svinja, 521 praseta, 366 goveda, 20 teladi i 29 ovaca i koza. Tijekom 2001. godine utvrđena je u 624 goveda, 10 teladi, 53 526 svinja, 1567 prasadi, 71 ovci i kozi te u 53 janjadi. Među mjerama za suzbijanje ehinokokoze valja istaknuti kontrolu pasa lutalica i obveznu dehelmintizaciju, zabranu uvođenja i držanja pasa u klaonici, higijensku dispoziciju konfisciranih organa i otpadaka i temeljitu pretragu organa na ehinokoke. Zbog potencijalne opasnosti širenja ehinokokoze pri klanju svinja, ovaca i koza za vlastite potrebe, naročito u tzv. ehinokokoznim distriktima, potrebno je uvođenje obveznog veterinarsko-sanitarnog pregleda svih životinja za klanje i mesa.Although the organs and tissues invaded by echinococci are not directly harmful for the health of humans, indirectly they can be very dangerous. Humans are most frequently invaded by food or water being contaminated with faeces of dogs containing mature proglottides of Echinococcus granulosus tenia. According to the report of Croatian National Institute of Public Health, the number of human echinococcosis increased in last 1o years, from 11 cases in 1994 to 32 cases in 2002. Concerning the estimation of direct losses caused by echinococcosis, according to data from 1979. in Croatia more than 400 tons of liver and lungs of slaughtered animals were rejected due to echinococcoid changes. According to the report of Veterinary Directorate of the Republic of Croatia from 1998, during veterinary-sanitary examinations of animals for slaughtering, echinococcosis was established in total 55,699 swine, 521 piglets, 366 cattle, 20 calves and 29 sheep and goats. During the year 2001. in 624 cattle, 10 calves, 53 526 pigs, 1567 piglets, 71 sheep and goats, and 53 lambs. Among the measures for eradication and control echinococcosis, the control of stray dogs and obligatory control and eradication of helminthes should be pointed out as well as the ban of introduction and holding the dogs in slaughterhouses, sanitary disposition of confiscated organs and offal and the extensive analysis of organs to echinococci. Due to the possible danger of echinococcosis spreading at slaughtering od swine, sheep and goats for own use, and particularly in so called echinococcosis districts, the introduction of veterinary-sanitary examination and control of all animals for slaughtering and meat is obligatory

Microbiological quality of poultry meat on the Croatian market

This paper presents an investigation of the microbiological quality of poultry meat sold on the Croatian market. Bacteriological analysis was performed on 66 samples of fresh, retail-cut chicken meat (21 samples of chicken breasts without skin - “fillet”, and 19 samples of chicken breasts with skin) and frozen ground chicken meat (26 samples). Samples were collected from retailers (kept in cooling showcases at +4 ºC, deep-freezers at -18 ºC, respectively), and then bacteriologically tested for the presence of bacteria Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae, Campylobacter spp., and sulphite-reducing clostridia. Total count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria was also determined. Bacteriological tests were performed by means of standard methods of isolation and identification of individual species of bacteria according to ISO requirements. API-tests (Biomerieux) and BBL Identification System (Becton-Dickinson) were used for biochemical determination. With regard to microbiological quality and contamination of chicken meat, of importance is the finding of Salmonella spp. (10.60%), S. aureus (30.30%), L. monocytogenes (3.03%), enterobacteria (34.84%) and sulphite-reducing clostridia (1.50%). Campylobacter spp. were not found in any of the analysed samples. Total bacteria count found in frozen ground chicken meat was 5.23 ± 0.50 log10 CFU/g, whilst it was lower in cut chicken meat. Total bacteria count in chicken breast fillets amounted to 4.72 ± 0.38 log10 CFU/g, 3.67 ± 0.88log10 CFU/g in chicken breasts with skin, respectively. Results of the study suggest that a significant risk of meat spoilage and an increase in the number and species of bacteria depend on the specific part of analysed chicken meat, mode of packaging and storage after distribution to the market

Animal welfare assessment in pig abattoir

Sažetak Cilj ovog rada bio je razviti vlastiti model procjene dobrobiti u klaoničkom objektu i temeljem testiranja utvrditi daljnje korake u razvoju ovog modela. Dobrobit u objektu je procijenjena prema obrascu razvijenom na Zavodu za higijenu i tehnologiju animalnih namirnica, na temelju dosadašnjih znanstvenih spoznaja. Obrazac sadrži sve važnije elemente procesa klanja u kojima postoji rizik od stresa. Ovaj način procjene primijenjen je na 10 tovnih svinja, mase od 95 – 105 kg. Osobit naglasak je stavljen na stun to stick interval, i dokazano da je taj interval znatno duži zbog loše raspodjele radnika unutar klaonice, te predugačkog vremena aplikacije električne struje. Ovaj rad predstavlja važan dio u daljnjem razvoju našeg modela procjene dobrobiti.The aim of this paper was to develop our own welfare assessment model in an abattoir and determine further steps in the development of this model based on testing. A form developed at the Department of Hygiene and Technology of Animal Foodstuffs contains all important elements of slaughtering process which involves the risk of stress. This manner of assessment was applied to 10 fattening pigs of 95 to 105 kg of body weight. A special emphasis was put on stun to stick interval which has been proved to last longer than permitted. The reasons for that are a weak allocation of workers inside the abattoir and applying electric current for too long

Inhibicija rasta bakterije Listeria monocytogenes u fermentiranim kobasicama

The growth potential of Listeria monocytogenes during the ripening period of dry fermented sausages was investigated. In addition, antilisterial activity of isolated lactic acid bacteria was tested. The initial Listeria count in sausage mixture was 105 CFU g-1. Samples were taken on day 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after formulation, and total viable count, lactic acid bacteria count, L. monocytogenes count and pH values were determined. The growth of Listeria was inhibited until day 14, while in the final products it was beneath detection limit (2 log10), indicating the effectiveness of fermentation, ripening and drying in reducing the pathogen population. A total of 32 lactic acid bacteria were isolated and determined, and isolates of Leuconostoc mesenteroides showed inhibitory effect towards Listeria due to the bacteriocin productionIstražena je sposobnost rasta bakterije Listeria monocytogenes tijekom zrenja fermentiranih kobasica, te antimikrobno djelovanje izolata bakterija mliječne kiseline. Početni broj L. monocytogenes u nadjevu bio je 105 CFU g–1. Kobasice su uzorkovane 0., 3., 7., 14. i 28. dana zrenja, a određivan je ukupni broj bakterija, broj bakterija mliječne kiseline, broj L. monocytogenes, te pH nadjeva. Rast L. monocytogenes bio je zaustavljen do 14. dana, dok je u gotovom proizvodu bila ispod praga detekcije (<2 log10 CFU g-1). Ukupno su bila izdvojena i determinirana 32 izolata bakterija mliječne kiseline među kojima je Leuconostoc mesenteroides pokazivao inhibicijsko djelovanje prema L. monocytogenes putem proizvodnje bakteriocina

Istraživanje održivosti konfekcioniranoga pilećega mesa.

The results of the analysis of 67 samples of pre-packed cut chicken meat showed that the stability or shelf life of chicken meat (kept on 4 ºC) is six days. Ammonia content was significantly increased after day 3 of storage and reached a maximum level of 9.90 ± 2.3 mg% in chicken fillets and 8.35 ± 1.98 mg% in chicken legs at the end of the investigation on day 6. As regards microbiological quality and contamination with microorganisms, Salmonella spp. (7,5%), S. aureus (17.9%), L. monocytogenes (4,5%) and Enterobacteria (40.30%) were found in the analysed samples of fresh chicken meat. Sulphite reducing clostridia and Campylobacter spp. were not found. Total bacteria count in chicken breast fillets was 4.22 ± 0.84 log10 cfu/g on day 1, 4.65 ± 0.74 log10 cfu/g on day 3 and 5.14 ± 0.86 log10 cfu/g on day 6 of storage. After one, three and six days of storage, total bacteria count in chicken legs was 3.60 ± 0.93 log10cfu/g, 4.01 ± 0.76 log10cfu/g, and 4.56 ± 0.85 log10 cfu/g, respectively. The overall results of the study suggest that the potentially significant risk of meat deterioration and increase in the number and diversity of bacteria species depends on the processing of chicken meat. Considering the obtained results of the study, the indication of shelf life of chicken meat for sale should be supplemented with the note “best before”.Rezultati pretrage 67 uzoraka pilećega mesa u komadima pokazali su da je održivost pilećeg mesa držanoga na temperaturi od 4 ºC šest dana. Sadržaj amonijaka je rastao nakon trećeg dana pohrane do maksimalne količine od 9,90 ± 2,3 mg% u uzorcima pilećih prsiju, odnosno 8,35 ± 1,98 mg% u uzorcima bataka i zabatakana kraju istraživanja, šestoga dana pohrane. U mikrobiološkoj pretrazi utvrđene su bakterije Salmonella spp. (7,5%), S. aureus (17,9%), L. monocytogenes (4,5%) i enterobakterije (40,30%). Sulfitreducirajuće klostridije i Campylobacter spp. nisu utvrđeni. Ukupni broj bakterija u uzorcima pilećih „filea“ bio je 4,22 ± 0,84 log10 cfu/g prvoga, 4,65 ± 0,74 log10 cfu/g trećega i 5,14 ± 0,86 log10 cfu/g šestoga dana pohrane. Prvoga, trećega i šestoga dana pohrane ukupni broj bakterija u pilećim batacima i zabatacima iznosio je 3,60 ± 0,93 log10 cfu/g, 4,01 ± 0,76 log10 cfu/g, odnosno 4,56 ± 0,85 log10 cfu/g. Rezultati istraživanja upućuju da potencijalni, značajniji rizik razgradnje mesa i povećanje broja i vrsta bakterija ovisi o načinu rasijecanja piletine. Uzimajući u obzir rezultate istraživanja preporučeni rok održivosti piletine u maloprodaji treba upotpuniti s oznakom „održivo do“

Pojavnost, stvaranje enterotoksina i antimikrobna osjetljivost izolata Staphylococcus aureus izoliranih iz domaćih svježih sireva s područja grada Dubrovnika

Staphylococcus aureus is a well-known op¬portunistic pathogen that causes a wide range of acute and chronic diseases in both humans and animals. Staphylococcal food poisoning is just one of many diseases caused by this bacterium. The causative agents are entero¬toxins produced by enterotoxigenic strains of S. aureus during its growth in favourable conditions in food. Epidemiological data show that S. aureus is often found in raw milk cheeses and accordingly, cheeses are often implicated in food poisoning outbreaks. Since there are no data on the nature of S. aureus isolated from cheese produced in Croatia, the aim of this study was to determine the occur¬rence, enterotoxin production capability and antimicrobic susceptibility of S. aureus iso¬lates from domestic cheeses produced in the Dubrovnik area. A total of 30 cheese samples were analysed, and 18 samples (60%) were highly contaminated with S. aureus strains. The contamination level ranged from 3.94 to 6.26 log10 cfu/g. Such a high level of contami¬nation was supported by an inappropriate temperature regime above 8°C during market sale. Although highly contaminated, staphy¬lococcal enterotoxins were not detected in any of the cheese samples. A total of 180 coagu¬lase-positive isolates were collected from 18 cheese samples, 175 of which were confirmed as S. aureus by the latex agglutination test. En¬terotoxin production was detected in 35 iso¬lates (20%), and of these 32 isolates produced staphylococcal enterotoxin C. The other three isolates presumably produced enterotoxin E. Antibiotic resistance was detected in 1.1% of isolates and only to mupirocin. However, a full comprehensive conclusion on the nature of S. aureus isolates cannot be achieved with¬out determining its genotype characteristics for the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin genes and molecular typing, to determine the origin of the isolates.Staphylococcus aureus je poznati oportunistički patogen, koji uzrokuje široki spektar akutnih i kroničnih bolesti u ljudi i životinja. Stafilokokno trovanje je samo jedna od mnogih bolesti koje uzrokuje ova bakterija. Uzročnici trovanja su enterotoksini koje tijekom rasta u povoljnim uvjetima u hrani proizvode enterotoksigeni sojevi S. aureus. Epidemiološki podatci pokazuju da se S. aureus vrlo često nalazi u sirevima od sirovog mlijeka te su sirevi posljedično često upleteni u stafilokokna trovanja. Budući da nema podataka o prirodi S. aureus izoliranog iz sireva proizvedenih u Hrvatskoj, cilj je ovog istraživanja bio odrediti pojavnost, sposobnost stvaranja enterotoksina i antimikrobnu osjetljivost izolata S. aureus iz domaćih svježih sireva proizvedenih na području grada Dubrovnika. Od 30 ispitanih uzoraka sireva 18 (60 %) je bilo visoko zagađeno sojevima S. aureus. Razina zagađenja je bila u rasponu od 3,94 do 6,26 log10 cfu/g, a dodatno je tijekom prodaje na tržnicama bila podržana neodgovarajućim temperaturnim režimom iznad 8 °C. Iako su bili visoko zagađeni, stafilokokni enterotoksini nisu nađeni niti u jednom uzorku. Ukupno je prikupljeno 180 koagulaza-pozitivnih izolata iz 18 uzoraka sireva, od čega je 175 izolata potvrđeno lateks aglutinacijskim testom kao S. aureus. Sposobnost stvaranja enterotoksina je detektirana kod 35 (20 %) izolata, a 32 izolata su proizvodila enterotoksin C. Za ostala tri izolata se pretpostavlja da proizvode enterotoksin E. Antimikrobna rezistencija je utvrđena kod 1,1 % izolata i to jedino na mupirocin. Međutim, cjelovit sveobuhvatan zaključak o prirodi izolata S. aureus ne može se donijeti bez određivanja genotipskih karakteristika prisutnosti gena za enterotoksine i molekularne tipizacije s ciljem određivanja podrijetla izolata

KVALITETA MESA LUBINA TIJEKOM POHRANE NA LEDU

Cilj ovog rada bio je odrediti održivost mesa lubina tijekom njegove pohrane na ledu u trajanju od 12 dana pracenjem senzornih, fizikalno-kemijskih i mikrobioloških parametara kakvoce i higijenske ispravnosti. U tu je svrhu pretraženo 30 lubina 2., 4., 6., 9. i 12. dana pohrane na ledu na 3º C. Senzorna ocjena kvalitete ocijenjena je Quality Index Method testom (QIM) izra!enom za lubina, Dicentrarchus labrax (Icelandic Fisheries Laboratories) i Market testom. Uzorci ribe su pretraženi na ukupni broj aerobnih mezofilnih bakterija, psihrotrofnih bakterija i Pseudomonas spp. Tako!er su mjerene vrijednosti pH i kolicina amonijaka. Kolicina amonijaka povecavala se tijekom pohrane ribe i tako pratila promjenu njezinih senzornih svojstava, te su uzorci ribe na kraju našeg istraživanja s 16,1 mg% amonijaka, ocijenjeni kao riba ugrožena od kvarenja. Usporedo s porastom odstupanja od svojstvenoga izgleda i mirisa svježega lubina rastao je i broj psihrotrofnih bakterija i Pseudomonas spp.The goal of this work was to determine the sustainability of the sea bass meat during its storage on ice in the period of twelve days by following sensory, physical- chemical and microbiological parameters of quality and hygienic safety. Thirty sea basses were researched for that goal on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 9th and 12th day of storage on ice at 3º C. Sensory grade of quality was evaluated by Quality Index Method test (QIM) created for sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (Icelandic Fisheries Laboratories) and Market test. Fish samples were researched on the total count of aerobic mesophyllic bacteria, psychotrophic bacteria and Pseudomonas spp. There were also measured pH- values and the quantity of ammonia. The quantity of ammonia was increasing during the storage of fish and in that manner it was following its sensory characteristics, so the fish samples at the end of our research were evaluated as fish at risk of rotting with 16.1 mg% of ammonia. Together with the increase of aberration from the characteristic appearance and smell of fresh sea bass, the number of psychotrophic bacteri

Gestione dei sottoprodotti di origine animale nella Repubblica di Croazia

Zbrinjavanje nusproizvoda životinjskog podrijetla u Republici Hrvatskoj nedovoljno je naglašena problematika s obzirom na količinu nusproizvoda koja svakodnevno nastaje i rizike koje nosi po zdravlje ljudi i životinja. Upravo zato potrebno ju je promatrati kroz aspekte higijene, epidemiologije, epizootiologije, ekologije i ekonomije. Pravilni i efikasni načini gospodarenja životinjskim nusproizvodima elaborirani su detaljnom legislativom na temelju koje se vrlo strogo kontroliraju. Uvedena kategorizacija životinjskih nusproizvoda omogućila je bolji sustav njihovog sakupljanja, prevoženja, sljedivosti, skladištenja, prerade i iskorištavanja. Agroproteinka d.d. koncesionar je za zbrinjavanje nusproizvoda životinjskog podrijetla kategorije 1 i 2, a zbrinjava i vrlo velike količine nusproizvoda životinjskog podrijetla kategorije 3. Principima rada koji se temelje na modernim tehnologijama, Agroproteinka d.d. zadovoljava sve uvjete za gospodarenje nusproizvodima propisane od strane Europske Unije i Republike Hrvatske, a podržava i principe ekološkog postupanja s nusproizvodima, jednako kao i principe kružnog gospodarenja. Prikupljanje životinjskih nusproizvoda potpomognuto širokom mrežom sabirališta, brzo i prikladno prevoženje, efektivne i provjerene metode prerade te plasiranje kvalitetnih proizvoda dobivenih preradom životinjskih nusproizvoda u druge industrije samo su neki od pozitivnih aspekata kroz koje se promatra poslovanje tvrtke. Široka paleta mogućnosti iskorištavanja proizvoda koji su dobiveni preradom životinjskih nusproizvoda podupire činjenicu da se nusproizvode životinjskog podrijetla može i treba smatrati vrlo vrijednom sirovinom/energentom, a ne otpadom. Odgovorno gospodarenje životinjskim nusproizvodima ključ je u održavanju zdravlja ljudske i životinjske populacije te važna karika u smanjenju zagađenja okoliša, odnosno smanjenju opterećenja čitavog ekosustava.Managing animal by-products in the Republic of Croatia is a problem not enough emphasized regarding the amount of by-products created every day and the risks they present for human and animal health. Therefore, it needs to be observed through aspects of hygiene, epidemiology, epizootiology, ecology and economy. Correct and efficient ways of managing animal by-products are elaborated through detailed law documentation and are therefore strictly controlled. The categorisation of animal by-products enabled a better system of their collection, transportation, monitoring, storaging, processing and exploitation. Agroproteinka d.d. is the concessionaire for management of category 1 and 2 animal by-products, but the company also manages a large amount of category 3 animal by-products. Agroproteinka d.d. fulfills all standards for management of animal by-products defined by the European Union and the Republic of Croatia. This is enabled through modern technologies on which the principles of working with these by-products are based on. The company also uses ecological methods for managing animal by-products and supports the principles of circular management. The collecting process of animal by-products supported by a wide network of collecting spots, suitable transportation, efficient and proven methods of processing and providing high quality products for other industries are some of the positive aspects of the company\u27s work. There is a wide range of possibilities for exploitation of products obtained by processing animal by-products.. Previously stated supports the fact that animal by-products are a valuable source of energy. Therefore, they should not be considered as waste. Responsible management is the key to maintaining a healthy human and animal population, and is also an important step in reduction of environmental pollution and reducing the pressure on the entire ecosystem.Die Handhabung tierischer Nebenprodukte in der Republik Kroatien ist ein Problem, das angesichts der Menge der täglich anfallenden Nebenprodukte und der damit verbundenen Risiken für die Gesundheit von Mensch und Tier nicht genug betont wird. Daher muss es unter hygienischen, epidemiologischen, epizootiologischen, ökologischen und wirtschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten betrachtet werden. Der korrekte und effiziente Umgang mit tierischen Nebenprodukten wurde durch eine detaillierte Gesetzesdokumentation ausgearbeitet und ist daher streng kontrolliert. Die Kategorisierung der tierischen Nebenprodukte ermöglichte ein besseres System für ihre Sammlung, Beförderung, Überwachung, Lagerung, Verarbeitung und Verwertung. Agroproteinka d.d. ist der Konzessionär für die Handhabung von tierischen Nebenprodukten der Kategorien 1 und 2, aber das Unternehmen verwaltet auch eine große Menge an tierischen Nebenprodukten der Kategorie 3. Agroproteinka d.d. erfüllt alle von der Europäischen Union und der Republik Kroatien festgelegten Standards für die Handhabung von tierischen Nebenprodukten. Dies wird durch moderne Technologien ermöglicht, auf denen die Prinzipien des Umgangs mit diesen Nebenprodukten beruhen. Das Unternehmen wendet außerdem ökologische Methoden für den Umgang mit tierischen Nebenprodukten an und unterstützt die Grundsätze der Kreislaufwirtschaft. Das Sammeln von tierischen Nebenprodukten, unterstützt durch ein breites Netz von Sammelstellen, geeignete Transportmöglichkeiten, effiziente und bewährte Verarbeitungsmethoden und die Bereitstellung hochwertiger Produkte für andere Branchen sind einige der positiven Aspekte der Tätigkeit des Unternehmens. Es gibt eine breite Palette von Möglichkeiten zur Verwertung von Produkten, die durch die Verarbeitung tierischer Nebenprodukte gewonnen werden. Die bereits erwähnte Tatsache, dass tierische Nebenprodukte eine wertvolle Energiequelle sind, wird durch die vorangegangenen Ausführungen bestätigt. Sie sollten daher nicht als Abfall betrachtet werden. Eine verantwortungsvolle Bewirtschaftung ist der Schlüssel zur Erhaltung einer gesunden menschlichen und tierischen Bevölkerung und ist auch ein wichtiger Schritt zur Verringerung der Umweltverschmutzung und zur Reduzierung der Belastung des gesamten Ökosystems.La gestión de subproductos animales en la República de Croacia es un problema que no se enfatiza lo suficiente en cuanto a la cantidad de subproductos creados diariamente y los riesgos que representan para la salud humana y animal. Por lo tanto, es necesario observar desde los aspectos de higiene, epidemiología, epizootiología, ecología y economía. Se han elaborado formas correctas y eficientes de gestionar los subproductos animales a t ravés de una detallada documentación legal y, p or lo t anto, están estrictamente controlados. La categorización de los subproductos animales ha permitido un mejor sistema de recogida, transporte, monitoreo, almacenamiento, procesamiento y aprovechamiento. Agroproteinka S. A. es el concesionario para la gestión de subproductos animales de categoría 1 y 2, pero la empresa también gestiona una gran cantidad de subproductos animales de categoría 3. Gracias a las tecnologías modernas en las que se basan los principios de trabajo con estos subproductos, Agroproteinka S. A. cumple con todos los estándares para la gestión de subproductos animales definidos por la Unión Europea y la República de Croacia. La empresa también utiliza métodos ecológicos para gestionar los subproductos animales y apoya los principios de gestión circular. El proceso de recogida de subproductos animales cuenta con una amplia red de puntos de recogida, transporte adecuado, métodos eficientes y probados de procesamiento y suministro de productos de alta calidad para otras industrias, lo cual son algunos de los aspectos positivos del trabajo de la empresa. Existe una amplia gama de posibilidades para la explotación de los productos obtenidos mediante el procesamiento de subproductos animales, lo que apoya el hecho de que los subproductos animales son una valiosa materia prima/fuente de energía, y no la basura. Por lo tanto, no deberían considerarse como residuos. Una gestión responsable es clave para mantener una población humana y animal saludable, y también es un paso importante para reducir la contaminación ambiental y disminuir la presión sobre todo el ecosistema.Lo smaltimento dei sottoprodotti di origine animale nella Repubblica di Croazia è un problema poco sottolineato, vista la quantità di sottoprodotti che ogni giorno viene prodotta e i rischi che essi comportano per la salute umana e animale. Ecco perché è necessario osservarlo attraverso gli aspetti igienico, epidemiologico, epizootico, ecologico ed economico. Modalità corrette ed efficienti di gestione dei sottoprodotti di origine animale sono state elaborate da una legislazione dettagliata che prevede anche meccanismi di controllo molto rigorosi. La categorizzazione introdotta per i sottoprodotti di origine animale ha consentito un migliore sistema di raccolta, trasporto, tracciabilità, stoccaggio, lavorazione e utilizzo. Agroproteinka d.d. (S.p.A.) ha in concessione lo smaltimento di sottoprodotti di origine animale di categoria 1 e 2 e smaltisce anche grandi quantità di sottoprodotti di origine animale di categoria 3. Utilizzando nel proprio lavoro le tecnologie più avanzate, Agroproteinka d.d. soddisfa tutte le condizioni per la gestione dei sottoprodotti prescritte dall’Unione europea e dalla Repubblica di Croazia, nel pieno rispetto dei principi della gestione ecologica e della gestione circolare dei sottoprodotti. La raccolta di sottoprodotti di origine animale supportata da un’ampia rete di punti di raccolta, trasporti rapidi e adeguati, metodi di lavorazione efficaci e collaudati e la commercializzazione di prodotti di qualità ottenuti dalla lavorazione di sottoprodotti di origine animale in altri comparti industriali sono solo alcuni degli aspetti positivi attraverso i quali viene vista l’attività dell’azienda. L’ampia gamma di possibilità di utilizzo dei prodotti ottenuti dalla lavorazione di sottoprodotti di origine animale conferma il fatto che i sottoprodotti di origine animale possono e devono essere considerati una materia prima e una risorsa energetica molto preziosa e non certamente un rifiuto. La gestione responsabile dei sottoprodotti di origine animale è fondamentale per salvaguardare la salute della popolazione umana e animale e per ridurre l’inquinamento ambientale e, quindi, il carico che grava sull’intero ecosistema

Hygienic quality of goat\u27s milk cheese produced in rural household

Sve veći broj malih uzgajivača koza proizvodi kozji sir koji se prodaje na tržnicama. U ovom smo radu odredili osnovni kemijski sastav i mikrobiološku ispravnost 10 uzoraka kozjih sireva. Sirevi su bili neujednačenog kemijskog sastava. Količina vode iznosila je od 42,20-51,20%, količina mliječne masti u suhoj tvari od 32,85-50,28%, a kiselost od 15,08-39,36ºSH. Normu mikrobiološke ispravnosti zadovoljila su samo 2 pretražena uzorka kozjeg sira (20%). U preostalim uzorcima utvrđena je Escherichia coli (2 uzorka) u broju većem od 102/ g i kvasci i plijesni (u svih 8 uzoraka) u broju većem od 102/ g. Rezultati ukazuju na neprimjerene higijenske uvjete proizvodnje kozjeg sira, a upitni su i higijenski uvjeti držanja koza kao i higijena mužnje.An increasing number of small-scale goat breeders produce goat\u27s milk cheese that is sold on markets. In this study we determined the chemical composition and microbiological quality of goat\u27s milk cheese samples. It has been found that the chemical composition of the samples were not standardised. Water content varied from 42,20 to 51,20 %, milk fat content in dry matter from 32,85 to 50,28%, while acidity varied from 15,08 to 39,36 ºSH. Only two samples (20%) met the microbiological standards. In 2 samples Escherichia coli in the quantities larger than 102/g was found, whereas in all 8 samples yeasts and moulds were found in quantities larger than 102/g. The results of our study have shown that the hygienic conditions of goat\u27s milk cheese production are often inadequate. Also, the hygienic conditions of goat keeping and milking hygiene are questionable