The phase transition of higher dimensional Charged black holes

In this paper,we have studied phase transitions of higher dimensional charge black hole with spherical symmetry. we calculated the local energy and local temperature, and find that these state parameters satisfy the first law of thermodynamics. We analyze the critical behavior of black hole thermodynamic system by taking state parameters $(Q,\Phi)$ of black hole thermodynamic system, in accordance with considering to the state parameters $(P,V)$ of Van der Waals system respectively. we obtain the critical point of black hole thermodynamic system, and find the critical point is independent of the dual independent variables we selected. This result for asymptotically flat space is consistent with that for AdS spacetime, and is intrinsic property of black hole thermodynamic system.Comment: 15 pages,14 figures,references adjuste

GEE-Based Ecological Environment Variation Analysis under Human Projects in Typical China Loess Plateau Region

The China Loess Plateau (CLP) is a unique geomorphological unit with abundant coal resources but a fragile ecological environment. Since the implementation of the Western Development plan in 2000, the Grain for Green Project (GGP), coal mining, and urbanization have been extensively promoted by the government in the CLP. However, research on the influence of these human projects on the ecological environment (EE) is still lacking. In this study, we investigated the spatial–temporal variation of EE in a typical CLP region using a Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE). We obtained a long RSEI time series from 2002–2022, and used trend analysis and rescaled range analysis to predict changing trends in EE. Finally, we used Geodetector to verify the influence of three human projects (GGP, coal mining, and urbanization). Our results show that GGP was the major driving factor of ecological changes in the typical CLP region, while coal mining and urbanization had significant local effects on EE. Our research provides valuable support for ecological protection and sustainable social development in the relatively underdeveloped region of northwest China

Bis(triphenyl­stann­yl) thio­phene-2,5-dicarboxyl­ate

Mol­ecules of the title compound, [Sn2(C6H5)6(C6H2O4S)], lie on inversion centres with the central thio­phene ring disordered equally over two orientations. The carboxyl­ate groups are approximately coplanar with the thio­phene ring [dihedral angle = 4.0 (1)°] and the Sn—O bond distance of 2.058 (4) Å is comparable to that in related organotin carboxyl­ates

The Phase Transition of Higher Dimensional Charged Black Holes

We have studied phase transitions of higher dimensional charge black hole with spherical symmetry. We calculated the local energy and local temperature and find that these state parameters satisfy the first law of thermodynamics. We analyze the critical behavior of black hole thermodynamic system by taking state parameters (Q,Φ) of black hole thermodynamic system, in accordance with considering the state parameters (P,V) of van der Waals system, respectively. We obtain the critical point of black hole thermodynamic system and find that the critical point is independent of the dual independent variables we selected. This result for asymptotically flat space is consistent with that for AdS spacetime and is intrinsic property of black hole thermodynamic system

ABCC3 as a marker for multidrug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

Multidrug resistance (MDR) contributes to the failure of chemotherapy and high mortality in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aim to identify MDR genes that predict tumor response to chemotherapy. 199 NSCLC fresh tissue samples were tested for chemosensitivity by MTT assay. cDNA microarray was done with 5 samples with highest resistance and 6 samples with highest sensitivity. Expression of ABCC3 mRNA and protein was detected by real-time PCR and immunohistochemisty, respectively. The association between gene expression and overall survival (OS) was examined using Cox proportional hazard regression. 44 genes were upregulated and 168 downregulated in the chemotherapy-resistant group. ABCC3 was one of the most up-regulated genes in the resistant group. ABCC3-positive expression correlated with lymph node involvement, advanced TNM stage, more malignant histological type, multiple-resistance to anti-cancer drugs, and reduced OS. ABCC3 expression may serve as a marker for MDR and predictor for poor clinical outcome of NSCLC

miRNA-378 reverses chemoresistance to cisplatin in lung adenocarcinoma cells by targeting secreted clusterin

Cisplatin resistance is a major obstacle in the treatment of NSCLC, and its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The objectives of the study were to determine the role of miR-378 in the sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cells to cisplatin (cDDP) and its working mechanism. With TargetScan and luciferase assay, miR-378 was found to directly target sCLU. miR-378 and sCLU were regulated in A549/cDDP and Anip973/cDDP cells to investigate the effect of miR-378 on the sensitivity and apoptotic effects of cDDP. The effect of miR-378 upregulation on tumor growth was analyzed in a nude mouse xenograft model. The correlation between miR-378 and chemoresistance was tested in patient samples. We found that upregulation of miR-378 in A549/cDDP and Anip973/cDDP cells significantly down-regulated sCLU expression, and sensitized these cells to cDDP. miR-378 overexpression inhibited tumor growth and sCLU expression in a xenograft animal model. Analysis of human lung adenocarcinoma tissues revealed that the cDDP sensitive group expressed higher levels of miR-378 and lower levels of sCLU. miR-378 and sCLU were negatively correlated. To conclude, we identified sCLU as a novel miR-378 target, and we showed that targeting sCLU via miR-378 may help disable the chemoresistance against cisplatin in lung adenocarcinoma cells

Baseline Staging Tests Based on Molecular Subtype is Necessary for Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer

Background: Bone scanning (BS), liver ultrasonography (LUS), and chest radiography (CXR) are commonly recommended for baseline staging in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate whether these tests are indicated for specific patient subpopulation based on clinical staging and molecular subtype. Methods: A retrospective study on 5406 patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer was conducted to identify differences in occurrence of metastasis based on clinical staging and molecular subtypes. All patients had been evaluated by BS, LUS and CXR at diagnosis. Results: Complete information on clinical staging was available in 5184 patients. For stage I, II, and III, bone metastasis rate was 0%, 0.6% and 2.7%, respectively (P \u3c 0.01); liver metastasis rate was 0%, 0.1%, and 1.0%, respectively (P \u3c 0.01); lung metastasis rate was 0.1%, 0.1%, and 0.7%, respectively (P \u3c 0.01). Complete information on molecular subtype was available in 3411 patients. For Luminal A, Luminal B (HER2−), Luminal BH (HER2+), HER2+ overexpression, and Basal-like, bone metastasis rate was 1.4%, 0.7%, 2.5%, 2.7%, and 0.9%, respectively (P \u3c 0.05); liver metastasis rate was 0.1%, 0.1%, 1.0%, 1.1%, and 0.9%, respectively (P \u3c 0.01); lung metastasis rate was 0.20%, 0%, 0%, 0.27%, and 0.9%, respectively (P \u3c 0.05). cT (tumor size), cN (lymph node), PR (progesterone receptor), and HER2 status predicted bone metastasis (P \u3c 0.05). cT, cN, ER (estrogen receptor), PR, and HER2 status predicted liver metastasis (P \u3c 0.05). cT, cN, and PR status predicted lung metastasis (P \u3c 0.05). Conclusion: These data indicate that based on clinical staging and molecular subtypes, BS, LUS and CXR are necessary for patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer

Molecular characterization and pathogenicity study of a highly pathogenic strain of chicken anemia virus that emerged in China

Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) is caused by chicken anemia virus (CAV). Recently, severe anemia has emerged in layer chickens (8 to 10-week-old) on poultry farms in China. However, the etiological characteristics and pathogenic potential of CAV in chickens at 6 weeks or older are not well understood. In this study, we isolated a CAV strain, termed SD15, from two-month-old chicken with severe anemia and analyzed the genetic evolution relationship. We found that strain SD15 had the highest homology (98.9%) with CAV18 strain. Comparison with 33 reference strains revealed 16 amino acid mutations in strain SD15, two of which were previously unknown (F210S in VP1 and L25S in Vp3). Compared with low pathogenic strains (Cux-1 and C14), highly pathogenic strains (SDLY08 and SD15) had three base mutations in their noncoding region. To further understand its pathogenicity, 10-week-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were challenged with the novel strain and SDLY08. No obvious clinical symptoms were observed in the SDLY08 group. However, SD15-infected chickens showed significant growth retardation and immunosuppression. The main manifestations of immunosuppression were the significantly reduced thymus and bursa indices and AIV-H9 vaccine-induced antibody levels (P < 0.05). The lowest number of red blood cells in the SD15 group was just 60% of that in the control group. Taken together, the novel strain SD15 not only showed higher pathogenicity but also exhibited the potential ability to break the age resistance of older chickens to CAV. Our study enhanced the understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of chickens infected with severe anemia and can facilitate the development of improved control strategies of CIA in China