Study of Burden in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome at Global, Regional, and National Levels from 1990 to 2019

Increasing attention has recently been paid to the harm of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) to women. However, due to the inconsistency of global clinical diagnostic standards and the differing allocation of medical resources among different regions, there is a lack of comprehensive estimation of the global incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of PCOS. Thus, it is difficult to assess the disease burden. We extracted PCOS disease data from 1990 to 2019 from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019 and estimated the incidence, DALYs, and the corresponding age-standardized rates (ASRs) of PCOS, as well as the socio-demographic index (SDI) quintiles, to describe epidemiological trends at the global level, encompassing 21 regions and 204 countries and territories. Globally, the incidence and DALYs of PCOS have increased. Its ASR also shows an increasing trend. Among them, the high SDI quintile seems relatively stable, whereas other SDI quintiles are constantly rising over time. Our research has provided clues regarding the disease pattern and epidemic trend of PCOS and analyzed the possible causes of disease burden in some specific countries and territories, which may have some value in health resource allocation and health policy formulation and prevention strategies

The Explore of the Implementation Path of Low-Carbon Smart Energy Systems in Zero-Carbon Parks

With the development of economy and society, the energy demand increasing day by day. Building is one of the biggest energy consumption sectors, the park is composited of buildings. The build of zero carbon park is important to the decarbonizing in the building area. Based on the current status of the lack of smart energy system application in zero-carbon park, this paper mainly focuses on the implementation path of low-carbon smart energy systems in the parks, through the process of load prediction, energy demand analysis, system configuration, optimization and the development of energy management platform. A case study of zero -carbon park is analyzed to provide theory guide for future study

Channel morphology effect on water transport through graphene bilayers

The application of few-layered graphene-derived functional thin films for molecular filtration and separation has recently attracted intensive interests. In practice, the morphology of the nanochannel formed by the graphene (GE) layers is not ideally flat and can be affected by various factors. This work investigates the effect of channel morphology on the water transport behaviors through the GE bilayers via molecular dynamics simulations. The simulation results show that the water flow velocity and transport resistance highly depend on the curvature of the graphene layers, particularly when they are curved in non-synergic patterns. To understand the channel morphology effect, the distributions of water density, dipole moment orientation and hydrogen bonds inside the channel are investigated, and the potential energy surface with different distances to the basal GE layer is analyzed. It shows that the channel morphology significantly changes the distribution of the water molecules and their orientation and interaction inside the channel. The energy barrier for water molecules transport through the channel also significantly depends on the channel morphology.MOE (Min. of Education, S’pore)Published versio

Exploration and practice of zero-carbon intra-park in the context of Carbon peaking and Carbon neutrality Goals： A case study on an intra-park

Aiming at the planning of zero carbon park under the background of double carbon, tins paper takes an industrial park as an example, and analyzes and evaluates the industrial planning situation, energy resources situation and energy plaiming situation of the park based on the concept of “passive priority, active optimization”. Taking the project as the blueprint, integrating the building energy-saving measures and the advanced nature and carbon reduction ability of the integrated smart energy technology, starting from the overall optimization layout of the park, covering the industrial structure, buildings, transportation, energy and other key areas of the park, the comprehensive application of low-carbon technology forms such as building micro-environment, ultra-low energy consumption building system, efficient integrated energy system and renewable energy. Total carbon emissions as the core goal, to achieve the goal zero carbon zone. This study for the project and project time zero carbon building and future zero carbon park planning to provide the reference of the same kind of park

Breast cancer risk factors and mammographic density among 12518 average-risk women in rural China

Abstract Background Mammographic density (MD) is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. We aimed to evaluate the association between MD and breast cancer related risk factors among average-risk women in rural China. Methods This is a population-based screening study. 12518 women aged 45–64 years with complete MD data from three maternal and childcare hospitals in China were included in the final analysis. ORs and 95%CIs were estimated using generalized logit model by comparing each higher MD (BI-RADS b, c, d) to the lowest group (BI-RADS a). The cumulative logistic regression model was used to estimate the OR trend (95%CI) and P trend by treating MD as an ordinal variable. Results Older age (ORtrend = 0.81, 95%CI: 0.79–0.81, per 2-year increase), higher BMI (ORtrend = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.71–0.75, per 2 kg/m2), more births (ORtrend = 0.47, 95%CI: 0.41–0.54, 3 + vs. 0–1), postmenopausal status (ORtrend = 0.42, 95%CI: 0.38–0.46) were associated with lower MD. For parous women, longer duration of breastfeeding was found to be associated with higher MD when adjusting for study site, age, BMI, and age of first full-term birth (ORtrend = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.27–1.85, 25 + months vs. no breastfeeding; ORtrend = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.20–1.75, 19–24 months vs. no breastfeeding), however, the association became non-significant when adjusting all covariates. Associations between examined risk factors and MD were similar in premenopausal and postmenopausal women except for level of education and oral hormone drug usage. Higher education was only found to be associated with an increased proportion of dense breasts in postmenopausal women (ORtrend = 1.08, 95%CI: 1.02–1.15). Premenopausal women who ever used oral hormone drug were less likely to have dense breasts, though the difference was marginally significant (OR = 0.54, P = 0.045). In postmenopausal women, we also found the proportion of dense breasts increased with age at menopause (ORtrend = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.21–1.43). Conclusions In Chinese women with average risk for breast cancer, we found MD was associated with age, BMI, menopausal status, lactation, and age at menopausal. This finding may help to understand the etiology of breast cancer and have implications for breast cancer prevention in China

Screening of Key Components for Melanogenesis Inhibition of <i>Polygonum cuspidatum</i> Extract Based on the Spectrum–Effect Relationship and Molecular Docking

Polygonum cuspidatum (PC) extract has been listed in the “Catalog of Used Cosmetic Ingredients (2021 Edition)”, which can inhibit melanogenesis, thus exerting a whitening effect, and has been widely used in cosmetics. However, there are currently no quality standards for PC extract used in cosmetics, and the bioactive components associated with anti-melanogenesis remain unclear. In view of this, the present study was the first to investigate the spectrum-effect relationship between fingerprints of PC extract and melanogenesis inhibition. Ten batches of PC extract fingerprints were established by HPLC. Pearson’s correlation analysis, gray correlation analysis (GRA) and orthogonal partial least squares regression analysis (OPLSR) were used to screen out resveratrol, emodin and physcion as the main whitening active ingredients using the inhibition of tyrosinase in B16F10 cells as the pharmacological index. Then, the melanogenesis inhibitory effects of the above three components were verified by tyrosinase inhibition and a melanin content assay in B16F10 cells. The interaction between small molecules and proteins was investigated by the molecular docking method, and it was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) that resveratrol, emodin and physcion significantly down-regulated the transcript levels of melanogenesis-related factors. In conclusion, this study established a general model combining HPLC fingerprinting and melanogenesis inhibition and also analyzed the spectrum–effect relationship of PC extract, which provided theoretical support for the quality control of PC extract in whitening cosmetics

Development and Immunoprotection of Bacterium-like Particle Vaccine against Infectious Bronchitis in Chickens

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a major threat to the global poultry industry. Despite the availability of commercial vaccines, the IB epidemic has not been effectively controlled. The exploration of novel IBV vaccines may provide a new way to prevent and control IB. In this study, BLP-S1, a bacterium-like particle displaying the S1 subunit of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), was constructed using the GEM-PA surface display system. The immunoprotective efficacy results showed that BLP-S1 can effectively induce specific IgG and sIgA immune responses, providing a protection rate of 90% against IBV infection in 14-day-old commercial chickens. These results suggest that BLP-S1 has potential for the development of novel vaccines with good immunogenicity and immunoprotection

Rhodium‐Catalyzed Cascade Reactions of Indoles with 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐Alkynoates for the Synthesis of Indole‐Fused Polyheterocycles

Herein, an efficient and regioselective Rh(III)-catalyzed [4+2] annulation/lactonization cascade of indoles with 4-hydroxy-2-alkynoates at room temperature to access the furo[3′,4′:4,5]pyrimido[1,6-a]indole-1,5(3H,4H)-diones is described. This method features mild reaction conditions, operational simplicity, excellent regioselectivity, broad substrate scope with good functional group tolerance, and good to excellent yields

Synergistic effects of T-2 toxin and selenium deficiency exacerbate renal fibrosis through modulation of the ERα/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

As common pathogenic agents in the world and widely distributed globally, T-2 toxin and selenium deficiency might exacerbate toxic effects by combined exposure, posing a dramatic health hazard to humans and animals. In this study, we aim to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of renal fibrosis triggered by T-2 toxin and selenium deficiency exposure. A total of thirty-two rats are randomly divided into the normal control, T-2 toxin, selenium deficiency, and combined intervention groups. T-2 toxin (100 ng/g) is intragastric gavaged to the rats in compliance with the body weight. Both the standard (containing selenium 0.20 mg/Kg) and selenium-deficient (containing selenium 0.02 mg/Kg) diets were manufactured adhering to the AIN-93 formula. After 12 weeks of intervention, renal tissue ultrastructural and pathological changes, inflammatory infiltration, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition are evaluated, respectively. Metabolomics analysis is conducted to explore the underlying pathology of renal fibrosis, followed by the validation of potential mechanisms at gene and protein levels. T-2 toxin and selenium deficiency exposure results in podocyte foot process elongation or fusion, tubular vacuolization and dilatation, and collagen deposition in the kidneys. Additionally, it also increases inflammatory infiltration, EMT conversion, and ECM deposition. Metabolomics analysis suggests that T-2 toxin and selenium deficiency influence amino acid and cholesterol metabolism, respectively, and the estrogen signaling pathway is probably engaged in renal fibrosis progression. Moreover, T-2 toxin and selenium deficiency are found to regulate the expressions of the ERα/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. In conclusion, T-2 toxin and selenium deficiency synergistically exacerbate renal fibrosis through regulating the ERα/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and inflammatory infiltration, EMT and ECM deposition are involved in this process

A prognostic nomogram that includes MPV in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract Background Mean platelet volume (MPV), as a marker of platelet activity, has been shown to be an efficient prognostic biomarker in several types of cancer. Using MPV, this study aimed to create and validate a prognostic nomogram to the overall survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. Methods The nomogram was constructed and tested using data from a retrospective study of 1893 patients who were randomly assigned to the training and testing cohorts with a 7:3 randomization. In order to screen out the optimal predictors for overall survival (OS), we conducted the LASSO‐cox regression, univariate, and multivariate cox regression analyses. Subsequently, the predictive accuracy of the nomogram was validated in both the training and the testing cohorts. Finally, decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to confirm clinical validity. Results Age, MPV, nerve invasion, T stage, and N stage were found as independent prognostic variables for OS and were further developed into a nomogram. The nomogram's prediction accuracy for 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year OS was 0.736, 0.749, 0.774, and 0.724, 0.719, 0.704 in the training and testing cohorts, respectively. Furthermore, DCA results indicated that nomograms outperformed the AJCC 8th and conventional T, N staging systems in both the training and testing cohorts. Conclusions The nomogram, in conjunction with MPV and standard clinicopathological markers, could improve the accuracy of prediction of OS in ESCC patients