Guidelines For Reliable Extension Of Turbine Blade Life.

LecturePg. 21-30The first task in extending the life of gas turbine parts is to develop meaningful life trend and aging characteristics for each material. Components that have reached their critical life limit can then be hot isostatic press (HIP) rejuvenated and returned to service. Data are presented on the service experience with the first set of blades rejuvenated in 1977, confirming the stability of the process. Blades which have suffered impact damage or tip rubs can often be restored by welding. However, it is important to analyse in detail the stress distribution in each blade and to consider the mechanical and metallurgical characteristics of the airfoil geometry, weld configuration and filler metal strength. Stress profiles and life predictions are calculated for weld repaired turbine blades, comparing low strength and high strength filler metal welds. The stress levels in the tip repaired region and in the hole region of a blade with a lashing wire are calculated using finite element analysis. The results indicate that, although a lower strength repair is acceptable in the tip area, it will cause reduced life in a notch or lashing wire hole application

Development of a Scale Vehicle Dynamics Test Bed

Research in the area of vehicle dynamics often requires that virtual models be correlated with test data or control systems be implemented within hardware. However, the prohibitive cost associated with a proper testing program has relegated the majority of research in these areas to virtual simulation. The purpose of this research was to develop a low cost vehicle dynamics test bed, which could be used to investigate the full operational range of vehicle handling. A scaled approach, analogous to wind tunnel testing, was used in order to make predictions about a system based on observations obtained from a scale model. The following test bed is unique since it is untethered from the acquisition system allowing for a wider range of test manoeuvres to be used. Results obtained from the test bed verified the usefulness of a scaled approach with good correlation being achieved between linear handling models and test data

From an epistolary Corpus to a Networking of References

The article introduces the complete digital edition of Tommaso Campanella’s letters. It is a transcription of the full corpus of 172 letters written by Campanella in the years 1591-1639. This work is built on the print collection edited by Germana Ernst and published in 2010 by Olschki. Beyond metadata, an asset in themselves, each letter is enriched by information about the manuscript source (including the archive or the library holding it), the various editions, and a brief summary. The collection offers a detailed and comprehensive vision of the harsh conditions Campanella had to live through during the trials and the long years of imprisonment, at the same time showing, first-hand, the philosophical and theological discussions he had with learned of his time. In order to enhance this intellectual network, the opportunity of including the collection within the great Italian and European epistolary projects has been explored.L’articolo presenta l’edizione digitale dell’epistolario di Tommaso Campanella. Si tratta della trascrizione del corpus di 172 lettere scritte dal filosofo calabrese negli anni che vanno dal 1591 al 1639. L’edizione cartacea alla base del lavoro è il volume curato da Germana Ernst e pubblicato nel 2010 a Firenze. Oltre ai metadati l’edizione digitale presenta notizie sulla fonte manoscritta e sulle edizioni (ivi compreso l’archivio o la biblioteca che conserva il manoscritto) e un breve sommario. L’epistolario offre una visione dettagliata riguardo le dure condizioni di vita del filosofo durante i processi e i lunghi anni di prigionia e nel contempo, permette la ricostruzione delle discussioni filosofiche e teologiche con i dotti dell’epoca. Con l’ottica di valorizzare questa rete di rapporti è stata valutata la possibilità di inserire il carteggio nei grandi progetti di epistolari in Italia ed Europa

THE WORLD DIGITAL LIBRARY

The World Digital Library is a partnership project, led by the Library of Congress and supported by UNESCO, in which libraries, archives, and museums contribute high resolution digital versions of their most important cultural and historical documents. The main purpose of the project is of preserving copies and information contained in documents at risk of destruction. Here is reported on the 2014 Annual Partner Meeting held in Rome focused on the educational aspects of the World Digital Librar

Rejuvenation Of Used Turbine Blades By Hot Isostatic Processing

LecturePg. 55-60.The creep properties of gas turbine blades will deteriorate with prolonged service exposure. This deterioration is primarily due to internal microstructural changes and the formation of creep voids or cavitation. Development work has shown that HIP processing is the best available treatment for recovery of properties in used blades. The results obtained on a complete engine set of lnconel X-750 blades indicate that HIP processing is capable of restoring new or near new creep resistance to used blades

An Examination of the Impact of Relative Age Effects and Academic Timing on Intercollegiate Athletics Participation in Women’s Softball

This investigation makes three noteworthy contributions to literature on the Relative Age Effect (RAE); 1) it adds to the small number of studies in women’s sports, 2) it is one of very few papers to examine the RAE in intercollegiate athletics, and 3) it (re-)introduces “academic timing” to the discussion of RAEs in this context. The 50 top-ranked NCAA Division I women’s softball teams at the conclusion of the 2011 season served as the focus for this investigation. Student-athletes were grouped into quartiles according to their birth date and identified as “on-time” or “academically delayed” based on their birth year and eligibility status. On-time student-athletes were over four times more likely to be born in quartile one than in quartile four, demonstrating a traditional RAE. This pattern was reversed for those who were academically delayed, with quartile four birth dates constituting more than half of the entire sample

Failure Of Turbomachinery Components.

LecturePg. 23-34The analysis of turbomachinery failures is a highly specialized field requiring a detailed understanding of superalloy metallurgy, moderate and high temperature failure mechanisms and an appreciation of the stresses, excitations and mechanical design characteristics of the various parts. Common failure mechanisms such as creep, fatigue, oxidation, corrosion, and wear are often observed, either singly or in combination, which makes the identification of the primary mode of failure more complex. To assist with the identification of service failures, a review of the principal failure mechanisms is presented along with the associated metallurgical features. In addition, a number of cases are presented to emphasize the need for a cooperative approach to failure analysis in order to translate the metallurgical information to possible mechanical/operational causes and solutions

Pre-fermentative cold maceration in the presence of non-Saccharomyces strains: effect on fermentation behaviour and volatile composition of a red wine

Background and Aims This study evaluated the impact of pre‐fermentative cold maceration (PCM), in the presence of two non‐Saccharomyces yeasts, Metschnikowia pulcherrima MP 346 and Metschnikowia fructicola MF 98‐3, and of a commercial pectic enzyme, on fermentation kinetics and on the volatile composition of a Sangiovese red wine. Methods and Results Sangiovese grape must was inoculated with MP 346 or MF 98‐3 or treated with a pectic enzyme preparation during PCM, at 5°C for 24 or 72 h. A Control wine was produced by a pure culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Both non‐Saccharomyces strains affected the initial yeast population dynamics and the persistence of S. cerevisiae at the end of malolactic fermentation. Irrespective of the duration of PCM, the inoculum of Metschnikowia strains did not influence the rate of sugar consumption or the kinetics of malolactic fermentation. The volatile composition of the final wines was evaluated with solid‐phase extraction, followed by GC/MS. The concentration of some terpenes and C13‐norisoprenoids, nerol, geraniol, 8‐hydroxy‐linalool (cis) and 3‐oxo‐α‐ionol, and of some esters, isoamyl lactate and ethyl isoamyl succinate, was higher in wines inoculated with Metschnikowia strains than in the Control and wine treated with pectic enzyme. Conclusions Metschnikowia yeast strains MP 346 and MF 98‐3 affect wine volatile composition. Significance of the Study This study shows for the first time that an inoculum of Metschnikowia strains MP 346 and MF 98‐3 during PCM is effective in modulating the volatile composition of a Sangiovese red wine

Instruments Measuring Self-Care in Children and Young Adults With Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Review

: Children and young adults (CYAs) with chronic conditions need to engage in self-care to improve their quality of life. This study aimed to retrieve the literature on instruments to assess self-care in CYAs living with chronic conditions and evaluate the psychometric proprieties of the instruments retrieved. A systematic literature review was conducted on six databases to identify peer-reviewed papers that described or used an evaluation instrument of self-care in CYAs with chronic conditions. Twenty-three articles describing 11 instruments of self-care were identified. Five instruments (45.45%) were developed for specific diseases, while six (54.54%) for various chronic illnesses. Most of the instruments were focused on treatment adherence within self-care maintenance (i.e., behaviors to maintain illness stability), excluding the monitoring of clinical parameters or the management of exacerbations. This review provides an overview of available instruments that measure self-care in CYAs with chronic conditions, which health professionals could use for patient education