Baicalein mediates inhibition of migration and invasiveness of skin carcinoma through Ezrin in A431 cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Ezrin is highly expressed in skin cancer and promotes tumor metastasis. Ezrin serves as a promising target for anti-metastasis therapy. The aim of this study is to determine if the flavonoid bacailein inhibits the metastasis of skin cancer cells through Ezrin.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Cells from a cutaneous squamous carcinoma cell line, A431, were treated with baicalein at 0-60 μM to establish the non-cytotoxic concentration (NCC) range for baicalein. Following treatment with baicalein within this range, total Ezrin protein (both phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms) and phosphorylated-Ezrin (phos-Ezrin) were detected by western blotting, and Ezrin RNA was detected in A431 cells using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Thereafter, the motility and invasiveness of A431 cells following baicalein treatment were determined using wound-healing and Boyden chamber invasion assays. Short-interfering RNA (si-RNA) specifically targeting Ezrin was transfected into A431 cells, and a si-RNA Ezrin-A431 cell line was established by G418 selection. This stable cell line was transiently transfected with Ezrin and mutant Ezrin plasmids, and its motilityand invasiveness was subsequently determined to clarify whether bacailein inhibits these processes through Ezrin.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We determined the range of NCCs for baicalein to be 2.5-40 μM in A431 cells. Baicalein displayed a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of expressions of total Ezrin and phos-Ezrin within this range NCCs. In addition, it exerted this inhibitory effect through the reduction of Ezrin RNA transcript. Baicalein also inhibited the motility and invasiveness of A431 skin carcinoma cells within the range of NCCs, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. A431 cell motility and invasiveness were inhibited by 73% and 80% respectively when cells were treated with 20 μM baicalein. However, the motility and invasiveness of A431 cells containing the Ezrin mutant were not effectively inhibited by baicalein.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Baicalein reduces the migration and invasiveness of A431 cells through the inhibition of Ezrin expression, which leads to the suppression of tumor metastasis.</p

Risk Factors for Rebleeding after Emergency Endoscopic Treatment of Dieulafoy Lesion

Background and Objective: Dieulafoy lesion is a rare, but life-threatening, cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and endoscopic therapy is the preferred first-line treatment. The present study aims to analyze the risk factors for rebleeding after endoscopic hemostasis of gastroduodenal Dieulafoy lesion. Methods. A retrospective review of patients with Dieulafoy lesion who developed acute gastrointestinal bleeding and were treated primarily with endoscopic therapy from September 2014 to April 2019 was conducted. Results. A total of 133 patients with Dieulafoy lesion were included in the present study. The mean age of these patients was 56.05 ± 16.58 years, and 115 patients were male. Among these 133 patients, 26 patients developed rebleeding within 30 days of endoscopic therapy. The 30-day rebleeding rate for pure injection therapy (epinephrine, cyanoacrylate, or lauromacrogol injection alone), nonpure injection therapy (argon plasma coagulation, band ligation, and hemoclip application alone), and combination therapy (combination of any >2 methods) was 45.2%, 12.8%, and 11%, respectively. In the univariable analysis, endoscopic treatment, prothrombin time, gender, Rockall score, and leukocyte count were the risk factors for rebleeding. In the multivariable analysis, pure injection endoscopic treatment, white blood cells (>10 × 109/L), and prothrombin time >12 seconds were the independent risk factors for rebleeding. Conclusion. Patients who undergo pure injection endoscopic treatment and have a high leukocyte count (>10 × 109/L) or elevated prothrombin time (>12 seconds) have an increased risk of rebleeding within 30 days after endoscopic treatment for gastroduodenal Dieulafoy lesion. Combined endoscopic treatment is the most effective therapy to prevent rebleeding in gastroduodenal Dieulafoy lesion

Incidence and risk factors for fever after endoscopic submucosal dissection and its derivative technology for gastric lesions

Introduction: Fever is one of the postoperative complications of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and its derivative technology. However, there are few studies on risk factors for fever after ESD and its derivative technology. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and related risk factors after ESD and its derivative technology for gastric lesions. Materials and methods: A retrospective review of patients with gastric lesions who were treated by ESD and its derivative technology in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2019 was conducted. Results: A total of 1955 patients were included in the present study. A total of 451 (23.1 %) patients presented with fever after ESD and its derived techniques. The highest fever temperature was 37.6 ± 3.12 °C, and the number of days with fever was 1.48 ± 0.85. Through single factor and multiple factor analysis, age (OR: 1.261, 95% CI: 1.009–1.576, p < 0.05), procedure time (OR: 1.457, 95% CI: 1.053–2.016, p < 0.05), postoperative gastric tube placement (OR: 2.098, 95% CI: 1:616–2.723, p < 0.05), intraoperative hemorrhage (OR: 1.537, 95% CI: 1.196–1.974, p < 0.05) and perforation (OR: 1.970, 95% CI: 1.531–2.535, p < 0.05) were independent risk factors for postoperative fever. Conclusion: Age ≥56 years old, procedure time ≥60 min, gastric tube placement, intraoperative hemorrhage and perforation were independent risk factors for postoperative fever after gastric ESD and its derivative technology. Attention should be given to such patients to minimize the risk of postoperative fever