Functional Analysis Of Grapevine STS7 And STS22 Promoters

Stilbenic compounds are a group of phytoalexins that are produced by a limited number of plant species including grapevine to defend against diseases. Stilbene synthase (STS) is the key enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of stilbenic compounds. Previous results indicated a significant increase in the abundance of transcripts of STS7 and STS22 genes in powdery mildew-infected Cabernet Sauvignon leaves. I isolated the promoter sequences of STS7 and STS22 from grapevine Vitis aestivalis Norton (Va) and Vitis vinifera Cabernet Sauvignon (Vv) and studied their activities in transgenic plants. The results showed high activity of VaSTS7 and VaSTS22 promoters in transgenic plant leaves at all developmental stages. VaSTS22 promoter was activated mainly along the veins, whereas VaSTS7 promoter was activated in leaf tissues in transgenic plants. Both VaSTS22 and VvSTS22 promoters showed higher activity than VaSTS7 promoter in transgenic plant leaves at 10 days post inoculation with powdery mildew, but neither VaSTS7 nor VvSTS22 promoter showed significant changes in transgenic plants after inoculation. These assays demonstrated that STS7 and STS22 promter differently regulated a reporter gene in roots, leaves, and also in response to salicylic acid and powdery mildew in transgenic plants. My results provided new knowledge on the involvement of STS genes in defense against biotic and abiotic factors

Adaptive Finite Element Approximations for Kohn-Sham Models

The Kohn-Sham equation is a powerful, widely used approach for computation of ground state electronic energies and densities in chemistry, materials science, biology, and nanosciences. In this paper, we study the adaptive finite element approximations for the Kohn-Sham model. Based on the residual type a posteriori error estimators proposed in this paper, we introduce an adaptive finite element algorithm with a quite general marking strategy and prove the convergence of the adaptive finite element approximations. Using D{\" o}rfler's marking strategy, we then get the convergence rate and quasi-optimal complexity. We also carry out several typical numerical experiments that not only support our theory,but also show the robustness and efficiency of the adaptive finite element computations in electronic structure calculations.Comment: 38pages, 7figure

Synthesis of Colloidal Metal Chalcogenide Nanocrystals

A method of synthesizing colloidal nanocrystals is disclosed using metal oxides or metal salts as a precursor. The metal oxides or metal salts are combined with a ligand and then heated in combination with a coordinating solvent. Upon heating, the metal oxides or salts are converted to stable soluble metal complexes. The metal complexes are formed by cationic species combining with the ligands and/or with the coordinating solvent. Finally, an elemental chalcogenic precursor, for example, Se, Te, or S, is introduced into the soluble metal complex to complete the formation of the nanocrystals at a controllable rate. High-quality CdSe, CdTe, and CdS nanocrystals are produced when CdO is used as the cadmium precursor. With the present method, the size, size distribution, and shape (dots or rods) of the resulting nanocrystals can be controlled during growth. For example, the resulting nanocrystals are nearly monodisperse without any size separation. Further, the method represents a major step towards a green chemistry approach for synthesizing high-quality semiconductor nanocrystals

Two-grid methods for a class of nonlinear elliptic eigenvalue problems

In this paper, we introduce and analyze some two-grid methods for nonlinear elliptic eigenvalue problems of the form −div(A∇u)+Vu+ f (u 2)u = λ u, u L 2 = 1. We provide a priori error estimates for the ground state energy, the eigenvalue λ , and the eigenfunction u, in various Sobolev norms. We focus in particular on the Fourier spectral approximation (for periodic boundary conditions), and on the P 1 and P 2 finite element discretizations (for homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions), taking numerical integration errors into account. Finally, we provide numerical examples illustrating our analysis

Geschichtsphilosophie als Literatur: Intertextuelle Analysen zum Werk Heiner Müllers

Das Werk Heiner Müllers wurde bisher hauptsächlich aus eurozentrischer Perspektive interpretiert. Ein postkolonialer Blick hingegen eröffnet neue Lesarten für die Deutung seiner Arbeit. Lianhua He untersucht mit diesem Ansatz die implizite Geschichtsphilosophie in den Theaterstücken und dem lyrischen Werk Heiner Müllers. Anhand ausgewählter Texte analysiert sie die literarischen Vorlagen und deren Bearbeitung, und zeigt, inwiefern sich seine Geschichtsphilosophie auch in der Textstruktur und den intertextuellen Bezügen seines gesamten Werks nachweisen lässt