Multivariate analysis of the effect of Chalazia on astigmatism in children

Abstract Background Chalazion may affect visual acuity. This study aimed to evaluate refractive status of chalazia and effect of different sites, sizes, and numbers of chalazion on astigmatism. Methods Three hundred ninety-eight patients aged 0.5–6 years were divided into the chalazion group (491 eyes) and the control group (305 eyes). Chalazia were classified according to the site, size, and number. Refractive status was analyzed through the comparison of incidence, type, mean value and vector analysis. Results The incidence, type, refractive mean and of astigmatism in the chalazion group were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P  0.05). For comparison of the refractive mean,the medial-upper eyelid, middle-upper eyelid and medial-lower eyelid were higher than the control group (P 5 mm group were higher than those in the control group and 5 mm group was larger than the 3-5 mm group，suggesting that the risk of astigmatism was higher when the size of masses > 5 mm. Astigmatism vector analysis can intuitively show the differences between groups, the results are the same as refractive astigmatism. Conclusion Chalazia in children can easily lead to astigmatism, especially AR and OBL. Chalazia in the middle-upper eyelid, size ≥3 mm, and multiple chalazia (especially two masses) are risk factors of astigmatism. Invasive treatment should be performed promptly if conservative treatment cannot avoid further harm to the visual acuity due to astigmatism

Lacrimal passage irrigation in children with Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis: a five-year retrospective study

Abstract Background To identity the effect of lacrimal system irrigation in the acute stage in children with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) or toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Methods A retrospective review of 39 patients with SJS or TEN from 2012 to 2017 was analyzed. Patients were divided into two subgroups according to whether they received irrigation in the acute stage. The irrigation group included 21 inpatients and the control group included 18 inpatients. The χ2 test was used to compare clinical findings and data in both groups. Results The rate of lacrimal system obstructions in the chronic stage of SJS or TEN in the irrigation group was significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.01). A significant difference was also found between the epiphora rates in patients with SJS or TEN in the chronic stage in the two groups (p = 0.047). One of 15 patients with mild dry eyes or without dry eyes in the irrigation group had epiphora, and it affected five of 12 in the control group. The difference between the two groups was significant (p = 0.03). Epiphora in the two patients in the control group was long-term, owing to the disappearance of puncta marks. Conclusions Lacrimal system irrigation with dexamethasone drops in the acute stage was a simple way to lessen lacrimal system obstructions and epiphora in patients with SJS or TEN. It should be considered a conventional ocular treatment for SJS or TEN