Molecular Clouds in the Galactic Plane from ll = [59.75∘^\circ, 74.75∘^\circ] and bb = [−-5.25∘^\circ, +5.25∘^\circ]

In this paper we present the distribution of molecular gas in the Milky Way Galactic plane from $l$ = [59.75, 74.75]$^{\circ}$ and $b$ = [${-}$5.25, +5.25]$^{\circ}$, using the MWISP $^{12}$CO/$^{13}$CO/$\rm {C}^{18}{O}$ emission line data. The molecular gas in this region can be mainly attributed to the Local spur, Local arm, Perseus arm, and Outer arm. Statistics of the physical properties of the molecular gas in each arm, such as excitation temperature, optical depth, and column density, are presented. Using the DBSCAN algorithm, we identified 15 extremely distant molecular clouds with kinematic distances of 14.72$-$17.77 kpc and masses of 363$-$520 M$_{\odot}$, which we find could be part of the Outer Scutum-Centaurus (OSC) arm identified by \cite{2011ApJ...734L..24D} and \cite{2015ApJ...798L..27S}. It is also possible that, 12 of these 15 extremely distant molecular clouds constitute an independent structure between the Outer and the OSC arms or a spur. There exist two Gaussian components in the vertical distribution of the molecular gas in the Perseus spiral arm. These two Gaussian components correspond to two giant filaments parallel to the Galactic plane. We find an upward warping of the molecular gas in the Outer spiral arm with a displacement of around 270 pc with respect to the Galactic mid-plane.Comment: 33 pages, 19 figure

Heterogeneous and Competitive Multiagent Networks: Couple-Group Consensus with Communication or Input Time Delays

This paper discusses the couple-group consensus problems for a class of heterogeneous multiagent networks including the following two cases: with communication and input time delays, respectively. Different from the related cooperative networks, two novel delayed group consensus protocols are designed based on the competitive relationship between the agents. Furthermore, we absolutely relax the in-degree balance and other restrictive preconditions which existed in the relevant works. Some sufficient algebraic criteria for the achievement of couple-group consensus and the upper bound of the input time delays are technically obtained via the frequency domain method and matrix theory, respectively. The results show that the achievement of the couple-group consensus depends on the second-order agents’ in-degree and the control parameters of the systems, whereas it is independent of the communication time delays. Meanwhile, the upper bound of the input time delay is determined by the control parameters and the in-degree of the first-order agents. Finally, the validity of the proposed results is verified by several simulated examples

Couple-Group Consensus: A Class of Delayed Heterogeneous Multiagent Systems in Competitive Networks

This paper discusses the couple-group consensus issues of a class of heterogeneous multiagent systems containing first-order and second-order dynamic agents under the influence of both input and communication delays. In distinction to the existing works, a novel distributed coordination control protocol is proposed which is not only on the foundation of the competitive interaction between the agents but also has no virtual velocity estimation in the first-order dynamics. Furthermore, without the restrictive assumptions existing commonly in the related works, several sufficient algebraic criteria are established for the heterogeneous systems to realize couple-group consensus asymptotically. The obtained conclusions show that the achievement of the systems’ couple-group consensus intimately relates to the coupling weights between the agents, the systems control parameters, and the input time delays of the agents, while communication time delays between the agents are irrelevant to it. Finally, several simulations are illustrated to verify the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results

Distributed Economic Dispatch Control Method with Frequency Regulator for Smart Grid under Time-Varying Directed Topology

The paper studies a new distributed control method to solve the economic dispatch problem (EDP) under directed topology based on consensus protocol. Electrical equipment is closely related to frequency, and the frequency of each generator varies independently during operation. Therefore, it hinders the realization of economic dispatch. To solve the problem, we combine a frequency regulator with a consensus protocol, which eliminates the effect of frequency variation on the designed consensus algorithm. Meanwhile, considering the problem of excessive communication cost and low computational efficiency in large-scale power systems, an event-triggered mechanism is introduced into the designed algorithm. Furthermore, in order to overcome the unexpected loss of communication links, the time-varying topology mechanism is employed to develop the distributed economic dispatch (DED) algorithm to improve the robustness. Then, the stability of the above algorithm is proved by graph theory and convergence analysis. Finally, several simulations illustrate that our proposed methods are effective

Group Consensus for Discrete-Time Heterogeneous Multiagent Systems with Input and Communication Delays

Group consensus seeking is investigated for a class of discrete-time heterogeneous multiagent systems composed of first-order and second-order agents with both communication and input time delays. Considering two types of system topologies, novel protocols based on the competitive and cooperative relationships among the agents are presented, respectively. By matrix theory and frequency domain analysis method, the sufficient conditions solving consensus problem are obtained. The results show that the achievement of group consensus is bound up with the input time delays, coupling weights between the agents and the system’s control parameters, but it is irrelevant to the communication delays. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the correctness of the theoretical results

Weighted Couple-Group Consensus Analysis of Heterogeneous Multiagent Systems with Cooperative-Competitive Interactions and Time Delays

In this paper, the weighted couple-group consensus of continuous-time heterogeneous multiagent systems with input and communication time delay is investigated. A novel weighted couple-group consensus protocol based on cooperation and competition interaction is designed, which can relax the in-degree balance condition. By using graph theory, general Nyquist criterion and Gerschgorin disc theorem, the time delay upper limit that the system may allow is obtained. The conclusions indicate that there is no relationship between weighted couple-group consensus and communication time delay. When the agents input time delay, the coupling weight between the agents, and the systems control parameters are satisfied, the multiagent system can converge to any given weighted coupling group consistent state. The experimental simulation results verify the correctness of the conclusion