Heisenberg equation for a nonrelativistic particle on a hypersurface: from the centripetal force to a curvature induced force

In classical mechanics, a nonrelativistic particle constrained on an $N-1$ curved hypersurface embedded in $N$ flat space experiences the centripetal force only. In quantum mechanics, the situation is totally different for the presence of the geometric potential. We demonstrate that the motion of the quantum particle is "driven" by not only the the centripetal force, but also a curvature induced force proportional to the Laplacian of the mean curvature, which is fundamental in the interface physics, causing curvature driven interface evolution.Comment: 4 page

The centripetal force law and the equation of motion for a particle on a curved hypersurface

It is pointed out that the current form of extrinsic equation of motion for a particle constrained to remain on a hypersurface is in fact a half-finished version for it is established without regard to the fact that the particle can never depart from the geodesics on the surface. Once the fact be taken into consideration, the equation takes that same form as that for centripetal force law, provided that the symbols are re-interpreted so that the law is applicable for higher dimensions. The controversial issue of constructing operator forms of these equations is addressed, and our studies show the quantization of constrained system based on the extrinsic equation of motion is favorable.Comment: 5 pages, major revisio

Cycle Life Prediction of Battery-supercapacitor Hybrids using Artificial Neural Networks

The cycle life of batteries and battery-supercapacitor hybrid systems was predicted using artificial neural networks. The presented techniques are able to predict the cycle life of a device based on a short (around 4% of the average cycle life) initial segment of the discharge curve. the prediction showed good performance with a correlation coefficient above 0.95. We were able to improve the predication further by considering readily available measurements of the device and usage. ©The Electrochemical Society