1,208 research outputs found
Bis(2-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)(thiocyanato-κN)zinc (2-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)tris(thiocyanato-κN)zincate
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Zn(NCS)(C12H7ClN2)2][Zn(NCS)3(C12H7ClN2)], contains two cations and two anions. In the cations, the ZnII ions have distorted trigonal–bipyramidal environments formed by four N atoms from two 2-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline (cphen) ligands and one N atom from a thiocyanate ligand. The ZnII atoms in the complex anions also have distorted trigonal–bipyramidal environments, formed by two N atoms from a cphen ligand and three N atoms from three thiocyanato ligands. The crystal packing exhibits π–π interactions between the rings of the cphen ligands [shortest centroid–centroid distance = 3.586 (5) Å] and short intermolecular S⋯Cl [3.395 (5) Å] and S⋯S [3.440 (4) Å] contacts
Quantum gates implementations in the separated ion-traps by fast laser pulses
An approach is proposed to implement the universal quantum gates between the
ions confined individually in the separated traps. Instead of the typical
adiabatic operations, performed for manipulating the ion-ion coupling, here the
switchable couplings between ions are implemented non-adiabatically by using
the fast laser pulses. Consequently, the desirable quantum gates between the
ions could be implemented by using only a series of laser pulses. The proposal
may be conveniently generalized to the quantum computation with the scalable
ion-traps.Comment: 10 pages, 3figure
Aqua[1-(1,10-phenanthrolin-2-yl-κ2 N,N′)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine-κN 2](sulfato-κO)copper(II) methanol monosolvate dihydrate
In the title compound, [Cu(SO4)(C15H11N5)(H2O)]·CH3OH·2H2O, the CuII ion is in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry, in which three N atoms from the chelating 1-(1,10-phenanthrolin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine ligand and one O atom from a sulfate anion define the basal plane and the O atom from the coordinating water molecule is located at the apex. In the crystal, hydrogen-bonding interactions involving the coordinating and solvent water molecules, the methanol solvent molecule and the amine group (one with an intramolecular interaction to one of the sulfate O atoms) of the complex are observed. π–π interactions between symmetry-related phenantroline moieties, with a shortest centroid–centroid interaction of 3.573 (2)°, are also present
Ammonium 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate hemihydrate
The title compound, NH4
+·C8H7Cl2O6
−·0.5H2O, was prepared by the reaction of 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid and ammonia in water at 367 K. The molecular structure and packing are stabilized by N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O intermolecular hydrogen-bond interactions
Evaluating team-based, lecture-based, and hybrid learning methods for neurology clerkship in China: a method-comparison study
BACKGROUND: Neurology is complex, abstract, and difficult for students to learn. However, a good learning method for neurology clerkship training is required to help students quickly develop strong clinical thinking as well as problem-solving skills. Both the traditional lecture-based learning (LBL) and the relatively new team-based learning (TBL) methods have inherent strengths and weaknesses when applied to neurology clerkship education. However, the strengths of each method may complement the weaknesses of the other. Combining TBL with LBL may produce better learning outcomes than TBL or LBL alone. We propose a hybrid method (TBL + LBL) and designed an experiment to compare the learning outcomes with those of pure LBL and pure TBL. METHODS: One hundred twenty-seven fourth-year medical students attended a two-week neurology clerkship program organized by the Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital. All of the students were from Grade 2007, Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University. These students were assigned to one of three groups randomly: Group A (TBL + LBL, with 41 students), Group B (LBL, with 43 students), and Group C (TBL, with 43 students). The learning outcomes were evaluated by a questionnaire and two tests covering basic knowledge of neurology and clinical practice. RESULTS: The practice test scores of Group A were similar to those of Group B, but significantly higher than those of Group C. The theoretical test scores and the total scores of Group A were significantly higher than those of Groups B and C. In addition, 100% of the students in Group A were satisfied with the combination of TBL + LBL. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support our proposal that the combination of TBL + LBL is acceptable to students and produces better learning outcomes than either method alone in neurology clerkships. In addition, the proposed hybrid method may also be suited for other medical clerkships that require students to absorb a large amount of abstract and complex course materials in a short period, such as pediatrics and internal medicine clerkships
RadOnc-GPT: A Large Language Model for Radiation Oncology
This paper presents RadOnc-GPT, a large language model specialized for
radiation oncology through advanced tuning methods. RadOnc-GPT was finetuned on
a large dataset of radiation oncology patient records and clinical notes from
the Mayo Clinic in Arizona. The model employs instruction tuning on three key
tasks - generating radiotherapy treatment regimens, determining optimal
radiation modalities, and providing diagnostic descriptions/ICD codes based on
patient diagnostic details. Evaluations conducted by comparing RadOnc-GPT
outputs to general large language model outputs showed that RadOnc-GPT
generated outputs with significantly improved clarity, specificity, and
clinical relevance. The study demonstrated the potential of using large
language models fine-tuned using domain-specific knowledge like RadOnc-GPT to
achieve transformational capabilities in highly specialized healthcare fields
such as radiation oncology
Artificial General Intelligence for Radiation Oncology
The emergence of artificial general intelligence (AGI) is transforming
radiation oncology. As prominent vanguards of AGI, large language models (LLMs)
such as GPT-4 and PaLM 2 can process extensive texts and large vision models
(LVMs) such as the Segment Anything Model (SAM) can process extensive imaging
data to enhance the efficiency and precision of radiation therapy. This paper
explores full-spectrum applications of AGI across radiation oncology including
initial consultation, simulation, treatment planning, treatment delivery,
treatment verification, and patient follow-up. The fusion of vision data with
LLMs also creates powerful multimodal models that elucidate nuanced clinical
patterns. Together, AGI promises to catalyze a shift towards data-driven,
personalized radiation therapy. However, these models should complement human
expertise and care. This paper provides an overview of how AGI can transform
radiation oncology to elevate the standard of patient care in radiation
oncology, with the key insight being AGI's ability to exploit multimodal
clinical data at scale
- …