11,577 research outputs found
Band structures and optical properties of GaInAs quantum wires grown by strain-induced lateral ordering
Band structures and optical matrix elements of strained multiple
quantum-wires (QWR's) are investigated theoretically via the effective
bond-orbital model, which takes into account the effects of valence-band
anisotropy and the band mixing. In particular, the GaInAs QWR's
grown by strain-induced lateral ordering (SILO) are considered. Recently, long
wavelength GaInAs QWR lasers have been fabricated via a single step
molecular beam epitaxy technique which uses the SILO process.[1] Low threshold
current and high optical anisotropy have been achieved. Multi-axial strains
[combinations of biaxial strains in the (001) and (110) planes] for QWR's are
considered, Our calculated anisotropy in optical matrix elements (for light
polarized parallel versus perpendicular to the QWR's axis) is in good agreement
with experiment. We also find that the strain tends to increase the quantum
confinement and enhance the anisotropy of the optical transitions.Comment: 11 papges, 10 figure
RAG-1 Mutations Associated with B-Cell-Negative SCID Dissociate the Nicking and Transesterification Steps of V(D)J Recombination
Some patients with B-cell-negative severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) carry mutations in RAG-1 or RAG-2 that impair V(D)J recombination. Two recessive RAG-1 mutations responsible for B-cell-negative SCID, R621H and E719K, impair V(D)J recombination without affecting formation of single-site recombination signal sequence complexes, specific DNA contacts, or perturbation of DNA structure at the heptamer-coding junction. The E719K mutation impairs DNA cleavage by the RAG complex, with a greater effect on nicking than on transesterification; a conservative glutamine substitution exhibits a similar effect. When cysteine is substituted for E719, RAG-1 activity is enhanced in Mn2+ but remains impaired in Mg2+, suggesting an interaction between this residue and an essential metal ion. The R621H mutation partially impairs nicking, with little effect on transesterification. The residual nicking activity of the R621H mutant is reduced at least 10-fold upon a change from pH 7.0 to pH 8.4. Site-specific nicking is severely impaired by an alanine substitution at R621 but is spared by substitution with lysine. These observations are consistent with involvement of a positively charged residue at position 621 in the nicking step of the RAG-mediated cleavage reaction. Our data provide a mechanistic explanation for one form of hereditary SCID. Moreover, while RAG-1 is directly involved in catalysis of both nicking and transesterification, our observations indicate that these two steps have distinct catalytic requirements
STUDYING THE CARRY-OVER EFFECT IN END USER COMPUTER TRAINING: PROPOSITION OF A RESEARCH AGENDA
The carry-over effect in end user computer training refers to the transfer of a person\u27s computer skills from one application to another. The importance of the carry-over effect is unquestionable, but its nature has not been well understood. In this article, a research agenda is developed to analyze the nature, the roles, and the antecedents of the carry-over effect. Three fundamental questions are asked: 1) what is the carry-over effect and how to measure it? 2) What roles does it play in end user computer training? And 3) what factors determine the carry-over effect? Propositions are developed to give directions in further empirical research, and some preliminary evidences are discussed. Potential implications for Information Systems research and practice are discussed
Systematic study of GaInAs self-assembled quantum wires with different interfacial strain relaxation
A systematic theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of
GaInAs self-assembled quantum-wires (QWR's) made of short-period
superlattices (SPS) with strain-induced lateral ordering is presented. The
theory is based on the effective bond-orbital model (EBOM) combined with a
valence-force field (VFF) model. Valence-band anisotropy, band mixing, and
effects due to local strain distribution at the atomistic level are all taken
into account. Several structure models with varying degrees of alloy mixing for
lateral modulation are considered. A valence force field model is used to find
the equilibrium atomic positions in the QWR structure by minimizing the lattice
energy. The strain tensor at each atomic (In or Ga) site is then obtained and
included in the calculation of electronic states and optical properties. It is
found that different local arrangement of atoms leads to very different strain
distribution, which in turn alters the optical properties. In particular, we
found that in model structures with thick capping layer the electron and hole
are confined in the Ga-rich region and the optical anisotropy can be reversed
due to the variation of lateral alloying mixing, while for model structures
with thin capping layer the electron and hole are confined in the In-rich
region, and the optical anisotropy is much less sensitive to the lateral alloy
mixing.Comment: 23 pages, and 8 figure
The financial clouds review
This paper demonstrates financial enterprise portability, which involves moving entire application services from desktops to clouds and between different clouds, and is transparent to users who can work as if on their familiar systems. To demonstrate portability, reviews for several financial models are studied, where Monte Carlo Methods (MCM) and Black Scholes Model (BSM) are chosen. A special technique in MCM, Least Square Methods, is used to reduce errors while performing accurate calculations. The coding algorithm for MCM written in MATLAB is explained. Simulations for MCM are performed on different types of Clouds. Benchmark and experimental results are presented for discussion. 3D Black Scholes are used to explain the impacts and added values for risk analysis, and three different scenarios with 3D risk analysis are explained. We also discuss implications for banking and ways to track risks in order to improve accuracy. We have used a conceptual Cloud platform to explain our contributions in Financial Software as a Service (FSaaS) and the IBM Fined Grained Security Framework. Our objective is to demonstrate portability, speed, accuracy and reliability of applications in the clouds, while demonstrating portability for FSaaS and the Cloud Computing Business Framework (CCBF), which is proposed to deal with cloud portability
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