280,491 research outputs found
The B\to D_s^{(*)}\eta^{(\prime)} decays in the perturbative QCD
In this paper, we calculate the branching ratios for , and decays by employing the perturbative QCD (pQCD)
factorization approach. Under the two kinds of mixing
schemes, the quark-flavor mixing scheme and the singlet-octet mixing scheme, we
find that the calculated branching ratios are consistent with the currently
available experimental upper limits. We also considered the so called
" puzzle", by using two groups of parameters about the
meson decay constants, that is MeV, MeV and
MeV, MeV, to calculate the branching ratios for
the considered decays. We find that the results change by using these
two different groups of paramters.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure. Typos removed, minor correction
Using Different Approaches to Evaluate Individual Social Equity in Transport
Inequalities not only exist in the field of economics in relation to income and wealth, but also in other areas, such as the transport sector, where access to and use of different transport modes varies markedly across population groups, and which provides the means to access everyday living activities. A key concern within the transport sector is that inequality has extended beyond the traditional measures of travel, and now covers a wide range of effects relating to social exclusion, freedom, well-being and being able to access reasonable opportunities and resources. In order to address the aforementioned issues, an important question to resolve is what type of methods can be used to measure inequalities in transport most effectively. Therefore, this study aims to apply different approaches, including the Capabilities Approach (CA) and a further six inequality indices, namely the Gini coefficient, the Atkinson index, the Palma ratio, the Pietra ratio, the Schutz coefficient and the Theil index, to the case study using the relatively migrant-rich lower-income neighbourhood of Tuqiao, in Beijing, in order to assess individual transport-related social inequity issues. The findings suggest that the CA is useful in assessing transport-related inequalities where there are significant barriers to the take up of accessibility, for example where there are high levels of disadvantaged groups and disaggregated analysis can be undertaken. The Palma ratio appears to have a larger effect than the Gini coefficient and the other inequality indices when measuring transport-related social inequity. In addition, we also found that most income inequality methods adapted from econometrics may be better suited to measuring transport-related social inequity between different regions, cities or countries, or within the same area, but at different points in time, rather than to measuring a single neighbourhood as a whole. Finally, we argue that to what extent politicians or transport planners can use appropriate management tools to measure transport-related social inequalities may be significant in terms of the progress that can be made in the fight against social inequity in the transport field
Magneto-Centrifugal Launching of Jets from Accretion Disks. I: Cold Axisymmetric Flows
The magneto-centrifugal model for jet formation is studied by time-dependent
simulations reaching steady state in a cold gas with negligible fluid pressure,
in an axisymmetric geometry, using a modification of the Zeus3D code adapted to
parallel computers. The number of boundary conditions imposed at the coronal
base takes into account the existence of the fast and Alfvenic critical
surfaces, avoiding over-determination of the flow. The size and shape of the
computational box is chosen to include these critical surfaces, reducing the
influence of the outer boundary conditions. As there is a region, near the
origin, where the inclination of field lines to the axis is too small to drive
a centrifugal wind, we inject a thin, axial jet, expected to form
electromagnetically near black holes. Acceleration and collimation appear for
wide generic conditions. A reference run is shown in detail, with a wind
leaving the computational volume in the axial direction with a poloidal
velocity equal to 4 times the poloidal Alfven speed, collimated inside 11
degrees. Finally, the critical surfaces, fieldlines, thrust, energy, torque and
mass discharge of the outgoing wind are shown for simulations with various
profiles of mass and magnetic flux at the base of the corona.Comment: 27 pages, including 10 figures and 2 tables. To appear in ApJ (Dec
1999). Revised version clarifies the abstract, section 3.2.4, conclusions and
appendix, adds a simulation to section 4.2, and updates the reference
The Coupled Cluster Method Applied to Quantum Magnets: A New LPSUB Approximation Scheme for Lattice Models
A new approximation hierarchy, called the LPSUB scheme, is described for
the coupled cluster method (CCM). It is applicable to systems defined on a
regular spatial lattice. We then apply it to two well-studied prototypical
(spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic) spin-lattice models, namely: the XXZ
and the XY models on the square lattice in two dimensions. Results are obtained
in each case for the ground-state energy, the ground-state sublattice
magnetization and the quantum critical point. They are all in good agreement
with those from such alternative methods as spin-wave theory, series
expansions, quantum Monte Carlo methods and the CCM using the alternative
LSUB and DSUB schemes. Each of the three CCM schemes (LSUB, DSUB
and LPSUB) for use with systems defined on a regular spatial lattice is
shown to have its own advantages in particular applications
Ground-state phases of the spin-1 -- Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the honeycomb lattice
We study the zero-temperature quantum phase diagram of a spin-1 Heisenberg
antiferromagnet on the honeycomb lattice with both nearest-neighbor exchange
coupling and frustrating next-nearest-neighbor coupling , using the coupled cluster method implemented to high orders
of approximation, and based on model states with different forms of classical
magnetic order. For each we calculate directly in the bulk thermodynamic limit
both ground-state low-energy parameters (including the energy per spin,
magnetic order parameter, spin stiffness coefficient, and zero-field uniform
transverse magnetic susceptibility) and their generalized susceptibilities to
various forms of valence-bond crystalline (VBC) order, as well as the energy
gap to the lowest-lying spin-triplet excitation. In the range
we find evidence for four distinct phases. Two of these are quasiclassical
phases with antiferromagnetic long-range order, one with 2-sublattice N\'{e}el
order for , and another with 4-sublattice
N\'{e}el-II order for . Two different
paramagnetic phases are found to exist in the intermediate region. Over the
range we find a gapless
phase with no discernible magnetic order, which is a strong candidate for being
a quantum spin liquid, while over the range we find a gapped phase, which is most likely a lattice nematic
with staggered dimer VBC order that breaks the lattice rotational symmetry
Transverse Magnetic Susceptibility of a Frustrated Spin- ---- Heisenberg Antiferromagnet on a Bilayer Honeycomb Lattice
We use the coupled cluster method (CCM) to study a frustrated
spin- ---- Heisenberg antiferromagnet
on a bilayer honeycomb lattice with stacking. Both nearest-neighbor (NN)
and frustrating next-nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic (AFM) exchange
interactions are present in each layer, with respective exchange coupling
constants and . The two layers are
coupled with NN AFM exchanges with coupling strength . We calculate to high orders of approximation within the CCM
the zero-field transverse magnetic susceptibility in the N\'eel phase.
We thus obtain an accurate estimate of the full boundary of the N\'eel phase in
the plane for the zero-temperature quantum phase diagram. We
demonstrate explicitly that the phase boundary derived from is fully
consistent with that obtained from the vanishing of the N\'eel magnetic order
parameter. We thus conclude that at all points along the N\'eel phase boundary
quasiclassical magnetic order gives way to a nonclassical paramagnetic phase
with a nonzero energy gap. The N\'eel phase boundary exhibits a marked
reentrant behavior, which we discuss in detail
Collinear antiferromagnetic phases of a frustrated spin- ---- Heisenberg model on an -stacked bilayer honeycomb lattice
The zero-temperature quantum phase diagram of the spin-
---- model on an -stacked bilayer honeycomb
lattice is investigated using the coupled cluster method (CCM). The model
comprises two monolayers in each of which the spins, residing on
honeycomb-lattice sites, interact via both nearest-neighbor (NN) and
frustrating next-nearest-neighbor isotropic antiferromagnetic (AFM) Heisenberg
exchange iteractions, with respective strengths and . The two layers are coupled via a comparable Heisenberg
exchange interaction between NN interlayer pairs, with a strength
. The complete phase boundaries of two
quasiclassical collinear AFM phases, namely the N\'{e}el and N\'{e}el-II
phases, are calculated in the half-plane with .
Whereas on each monolayer in the N\'{e}el state all NN pairs of spins are
antiparallel, in the N\'{e}el-II state NN pairs of spins on zigzag chains along
one of the three equivalent honeycomb-lattice directions are antiparallel,
while NN interchain spins are parallel. We calculate directly in the
thermodynamic (infinite-lattice) limit both the magnetic order parameter
and the excitation energy from the ground state to the
lowest-lying excited state (where is the total
component of spin for the system as a whole, and where the collinear ordering
lies along the direction) for both quasiclassical states used (separately)
as the CCM model state, on top of which the multispin quantum correlations are
then calculated to high orders () in a systematic series of
approximations involving -spin clusters. The sole approximation made is then
to extrapolate the sequences of th-order results for and to the
exact limit,
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