Optimization Framework and Graph-Based Approach for Relay-Assisted Bidirectional OFDMA Cellular Networks

This paper considers a relay-assisted bidirectional cellular network where the base station (BS) communicates with each mobile station (MS) using OFDMA for both uplink and downlink. The goal is to improve the overall system performance by exploring the full potential of the network in various dimensions including user, subcarrier, relay, and bidirectional traffic. In this work, we first introduce a novel three-time-slot time-division duplexing (TDD) transmission protocol. This protocol unifies direct transmission, one-way relaying and network-coded two-way relaying between the BS and each MS. Using the proposed three-time-slot TDD protocol, we then propose an optimization framework for resource allocation to achieve the following gains: cooperative diversity (via relay selection), network coding gain (via bidirectional transmission mode selection), and multiuser diversity (via subcarrier assignment). We formulate the problem as a combinatorial optimization problem, which is NP-complete. To make it more tractable, we adopt a graph-based approach. We first establish the equivalence between the original problem and a maximum weighted clique problem in graph theory. A metaheuristic algorithm based on any colony optimization (ACO) is then employed to find the solution in polynomial time. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol together with the ACO algorithm significantly enhances the system total throughput.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures, 2 table

SHOT PUT TECHNIQUE ANALYSIS USING ANN AMT MODEL

The purpose of this study was to analyze the technique of female shot put athletes. In this paper the ANN Analysis Model of sport Technique (ANNAMT) was applied to the data. It was shown that there were three possible ways to use this technique. The first was to reveal the general principles underlying an activity. The second method was to determine what differences exist between elite and other athletes and finally to achieve an individual technique diagnosis for direction in training. This study demonstrates the potential of the system that was developed previously for this purpose. It has the ability to standardize and program the technique analysis course, to some extent overcoming subjective decisions. This study suggests that ANNAMT could be used to establish sports training programs if the database was made available, compiled from performances of elite athletes

A Study on the Correlation between Semantic Prosodies of English Logical Resultative Formulae and Genres: A Corpus-based Approach

In our previous studies, we have done some researchon semantic prosodies of 13 English logical resultative formulaefrom a global perspective. Yet, the correlation between semanticprosodies of 13 English logical resultative formulae and genreshas not been touched upon. So in the present article, based uponthe analysis of large corpus, we attempt to study the correlationbetween semantic prosodies of 13 English logical resultativeformulae and genres. The study discovers that: first, to a certainextent there is a correlation between the semantic prosodies of 13English logical resultative formulae and five genres; second, indifferent genres, the same English logical resultative formulaemay have different semantic prosodies; third, the dominatingsemantic prosody tendency in one genre is not just one kind ofsemantic prosody, rather a group of two or three kinds ofsemantic prosody

Ergodic Achievable Rate Maximization of RIS-assisted Millimeter-Wave MIMO-OFDM Communication Systems

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has attracted extensive attention in recent years. However, most research focuses on the scenario of the narrowband and/or instantaneous channel state information (CSI), while wide bandwidth with the use of millimeter-wave (mmWave) (including sub-Terahertz) spectrum is a major trend in next-generation wireless communications, and statistical CSI is more practical to obtain in realistic systems. Thus, we {consider} the ergodic achievable rate of RIS-assisted mmWave multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing communication systems. The widely used Saleh-Valenzuela channel model is adopted to characterize the mmWave channels and only the statistical CSI is available. We first derive the approximations of the ergodic achievable rate by means of the majorization theory and Jensen's inequality. Then, an alternating optimization based algorithm is proposed to maximize the ergodic achievable rate by jointly designing the transmit covariance matrix at the base station and the reflection coefficients at the RIS. Specifically, the design of the transmit covariance matrix is transformed into a power allocation problem and solved by spatial-frequency water-filling. The reflection coefficients are optimized by the Riemannian conjugate gradient algorithm. Simulation results corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.Comment: submitted for possible publication. in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 202

A semi-analytical method for vibration analysis of thin spherical shells with elastic boundary conditions

A semi-analytical method is proposed to analyze both axisymmetric and asymmetric vibrations of thin opened spherical shells with elastic boundary conditions and discontinuity in thickness. To establish the governing equation, the method is involved in dividing the shell into many narrow strips in meridional direction, and those strips are approximately treated as conical ones with uniform thickness. Flügge shell theory is used to describe the motions of strips and displacement functions are expanded as power series. Artificial springs are employed to restrain displacements at edges so that arbitrary boundary conditions can be analyzed. By assembling all continuity conditions of adjacent strips and boundary conditions, the governing equation is established. In numerical results discussion, many comparisons of frequency parameters of present method and those in literature are firstly presented and they illustrate high accuracy and wide application of present method. Furthermore, influences of elastic boundary conditions, open angle, ratio of thickness to radius and thickness discontinuity on natural frequencies of spherical shells are investigated. Results show that meridinoal and circumferential displacements have obvious effects on natural frequencies, and the influence of thickness discontinuity seriously depends on the location of discontinuity

Melatonin Alters Age-Related Changes in Transcription Factors and Kinase Activation

Male mice were fed 40 ppm melatonin for 2 months prior to sacrifice at age 26 months, and compared with both 26 and 4 month-old untreated controls. The nuclear translocation of NF-κB increased with age in both brain and spleen and this was reversed by melatonin only in brain. Another transcription factor, AP-1 was increased with age in the spleen and not in brain and this could be blocked by melatonin treatment. The fraction of the active relative to the inactive form of several enabling kinases was compared. The proportion of activated ERK was elevated with age in brain and spleen but this change was unresponsive to melatonin. A similar age-related increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was also refractory to melatonin treatment. The cerebral melatonin M1 receptor decreased with age in brain but increased in spleen. The potentially beneficial nature of melatonin for the preservation of brain function with aging was suggested by the finding that an age-related decline in cortical synaptophysin levels was prevented by dietary melatonin