Association of genetic variants in the adiponectin gene with adiponectin level and hypertension in Hong Kong Chinese

Objective: Low plasma adiponectin level can predict the development of hypertension after 5 years in our population. We therefore investigated whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adiponectin gene influenced plasma adiponectin level and whether they were associated with hypertension. Design and methods: We genotyped 14 tagging SNPs in 1616 subjects with persistent normotensive or hypertensive status during a 6.4-year follow-up period in the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study-2 (CRISPS-2). Plasma adiponectin level was measured in 1385 subjects using in-house sandwich ELISA. Results: The minor G allele of the SNP rs266729 was significantly associated with higher odds of hypertension (odds ratio (95% confidence interval)=1.49 (1.13-1.95), P=0.0044) after adjusting for covariates. In stepwise multiple logistic regression, this SNP (P=0.006) was a significant independent factor of hypertension, together with age (PT (β=0.069, P=0.0027), rs182052 (β=-0.097, P<0.0001), and rs12495941 (β=0.103, P<0.0001) were significantly associated with adiponectin level after adjusting for covariates. No significant sex interaction was found for the associations of SNPs with hypertension and adiponectin level. Similar results were obtained in haplotype analysis. Conclusion: In our population, genetic variants in the adiponectin gene influenced plasma adiponectin levels, and one of them was associated with hypertension. This study has provided further evidence for a role of adiponectin in the development of hypertension. © 2010 European Society of Endocrinology.postprin

Sarcopenia and mortality in different clinical conditions: A meta-analysis

Objectives: Sarcopenia is recognized to be a health problem which is as serious as obesity, but its relevance to mortality is unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis of cohort studies on lean mass and mortality in populations with different health conditions. / Methods: In this study, a systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase was performed for cohort studies published before Dec 20, 2017 which examined the relationship between lean mass and mortality. We included studies reporting lean mass measurement by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, bioimpedance analysis or computed tomography, as continuous (per standard deviation [SD] decrease) or binary variables (using sarcopenia cutoffs). We excluded studies which used muscle mass surrogates, anthropometric measurement of muscle, rate of change in muscle mass, and sarcopenia defined by composite criteria. The primary study outcome was all-cause mortality. Pooled hazard ratio estimates were calculated using a random effects model. / Results: A total of 9602 articles were identified from the systematic search, and 188 studies with 98 468 participants from 34 countries were included in the meta-analysis. Of the 68 studies included in the present meta-analysis, the pooled HR was 1.36 and 1.74 for every SD decrease in lean mass and in people with low lean mass (cutoffs), respectively. Significant associations were also observed in elderly and all disease subgroups, irrespective of the measurement modalities. / Conclusions: Lower lean mass is robustly associated with increased mortality, regardless of health conditions and lean mass measurement modalities. This meta-analysis highlighted low lean mass as a key public health issue

Is Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Associated with Hypertension? The United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2002

PURPOSE: Recent studies have implicated the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) as a possible pathogen for causing hypertension. We aimed to study the association between HCMV infection and hypertension in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS: We analyzed data on 2979 men and 3324 women in the NHANES 1999-2002. We included participants aged 16-49 years who had valid data on HCMV infection and hypertension. RESULTS: Of the participants, 54.7% had serologic evidence of HCMV infection and 17.5% had hypertension. There were ethnic differences in the prevalence of HCMV infection (P<0.001) and hypertension (P<0.001). The prevalence of both increased with age (P<0.001). Before adjustment, HCMV seropositivity was significantly associated with hypertension in women (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.25-2.13, P = 0.001) but not in men. After adjustment for race/ethnicity, the association between HCMV seropositivity and hypertension in women remained significant (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.20-2.02, P = 0.002). Further adjustment for body mass index, diabetes status and hypercholesterolemia attenuated the association (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.10-1.90, P = 0.010). However, after adjusting for age, the association was no longer significant (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.91-1.67, P = 0.162). CONCLUSIONS: In this nationally representative population-based survey, HCMV seropositivity is associated with hypertension in women in the NHANES population. This association is largely explained by the association of hypertension with age and the increase in past exposure to HCMV with age.published_or_final_versio

Utilization of lipid lowering medications among adults in the United States 1999-2006

Objective: We examined the use of lipid lowering medications and control of dyslipidemia among US adults in 1999-2006. Methods: Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2006. Results: The mean low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) level significantly decreased from 3.25 ± 0.03 mmol/L in 1999-2002 to 3.02 ± 0.02 mmol/L in 2003-2006 in men, and from 3.11 ± 0.03 to 2.98 ± 0.03 mmol/L in women (p < 0.001). Statins and fibrates were the most commonly used medications. Among those diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia, the proportion on treatment increased from 32.4% to 38.9% (p = 0.001) in the 8-year period. The proportion of participants with a history of diabetes treated with a statin increased from 20.9 ± 2.2% in 1999-2002 to 37.6 ± 2.5% in 2003-2006 (p < 0.001). However, only 39.9% of people with diabetes and 45.4% of people with ischemic heart disease (IHD) achieved LDL-C target levels. Conclusions: Between 1999 and 2006, LDL-C level decreased in US adults and use of lipid lowering medications increased. More effort is still needed to detect and treat dyslipidemia in the community, particularly in people at high cardiovascular risk. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Impact of combination therapy with amlodipine and atorvastatin on plasma adiponectin levels in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease: Combination therapy and adiponectin

Background: In many countries, combination therapy with amlodipine and atorvastatin is indicated for the treatment of patients with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of this combination therapy on plasma adiponectin levels. Hypothesis: Combination therapy with amlodipine and atorvastatin would increase plasma adiponectin levels. Methods: A total of 25 patients with coronary artery disease and concomitant hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were evaluated. The combination of amlodipine and atorvastatin in 8 different dosage strengths were flexibly titrated over a period of 14 weeks. Lipid profile and plasma adiponectin were measured. Brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was determined by vascular ultrasound. Results: As compared with baseline, combination therapy with amlodipine and atorvastatin signifi cantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, there were signifi cant increases in adiponectin levels (mean [95% confidence interval (CI)], 12.1 [10.7-13.7] vs 8.1 [6.5-10.0] μg/mL; P < 0.001) and brachial FMD (4.4 ± 0.6% vs 5.6 ± 0.5%; P = 0.046) over 14 weeks of treatment. The change in adiponectin levels correlated significantly with the changes in diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.49; P = 0.014) and FMD (r = 0.55; P = 0.007). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that along with its antihypertensive and cholesterol-lowering effects, combination therapy with amlodipine and atorvastatin appears to increase plasma adiponectin levels and improve endothelial function. © Postgraduate Medicine.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

The decrement in circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in type 2 diabetes is independent of the severity of the hypoadiponectemia

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a decreased level of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and adiponectin. Experimental studies suggest a potential link between hypoadiponectinaemia and the depletion of the EPC level. This study investigated the relationships between adiponectin level and EPC in patients with type 2 DM. Methods: A total of 95 type 2 DM patients (58.5 ± 8.8 years, 42 men) and 95 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. Circulating EPC levels were determined by flow cytometry using CD133 +, CD34 +, CD133 +/KDR + and CD34 +/KDR + as surface markers. Plasma adiponectin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. EPC function was studied by in vitro tube formation and migration assay. Results: The levels of CD133 + (p < 0.001) and CD133 +/KDR + (p < 0.001) EPCs were independently associated with the presence of type 2 DM. The levels of CD34 + (p = 0.004) and CD34 +/KDR + (p = 0.013) EPCs were independently associated with haemoglobin A 1c. Nevertheless, there was no relationship between the number of EPCs and adiponectin level. Tube formation assay showed impaired pro-angiogenic function of EPC in DM patients compared with controls (p = 0.007). Interestingly, adiponectin supplementation (5 μg/mL) increased tube formation by 17.6% in EPCs from DM patients (p = 0.002). It also significantly enhanced cell migration by 35.9% in EPCs from DM patients (p = 0.01). Conclusions: We detected no relationship between the reduction in the level of EPC and in the level of total adiponectin in blood from patients with type 2 diabetes. EPC from patients with diabetes were stimulated when exposed to adiponectin in the test tube, findings that warrant further study. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Sarcopenia and mortality in cancer : a meta-analysis

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The effect of different measurement modalities in the association of lean mass with mortality : a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Systematic review and meta-analysis of lean mass and mortality : rationale and study description

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Adiponectin gene polymorphisms, plasma adiponectin concentration and persistent hypertension in Hong Kong Chinese

This journal issue contains Proceedings of the BPS Clinical Pharmacological SectionOpen Access JournalLow plasma adiponectin concentrations can predict the development of hypertension after 5 years in our population. We therefore investigated if single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adiponectin gene influenced plasma adiponectin concentrations and whether they were associated with hypertension. We genotyped 14 tagging SNPs in 1936 subjects, from the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study-2 (CRISPS-2). Plasma adiponectin concentrations were measured in 1650 subjects. Among the 14 SNPs, rs266729 (b = -0.071, P = 0.0008), -10677C > T (b = 0.067, P = 0.0017), rs182052 (b = -0.095, P < 0.0001) and rs12495941 (b = 0.100, P < 0.0001) were significantly associated with adiponectin concentrations after adjusting for covariates. Among all the 1936 subjects, none of the SNPs was significantly associated with prevalent and incident hypertension. However, in the sub-cohort of 1616 subjects who were consistently normotensive or hypertensive at baseline and follow-up, the minor G allele of the SNP rs266729 was significantly associated with a higher odds of hypertension (odds ratio [95%CI] = 1.49 [1.13, 1.95], P = 0.0044) after adjusting for covariates. In stepwise multiple logistic regression, this SNP (P = 0.020) was a significant independent factor of hypertension, together with age (P < 0.001), body mass index (P < 0.001), triglycerides (P =0.020) and HOMA-IR (P < 0.001). No significant sex-interaction was found for the SNPs with adiponectin concentration and hypertension. Similar results were obtained in haplotype analysis. In our population, genetic variants in the adiponectin gene influenced plasma adiponectin concentrations. As SNP 266729 was associated with persistent hypertension in this population, further studies on the genetic association of adiponectin with hypertension are warranted.link_to_OA_fulltextMeeting of the Clinical Pharmacology Section of the British-Pharmacological-Society, London, UK., 15-17 December 2009. In British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2009, v. 70 n. 2, p. 30