Management of severe Class II malocclusion with sequential removable functional and orthodontic appliances: a case for MorthRCSEd examination

INTRODUCTION: Functional appliances are an effective way of treating skeletal Class II malocclusion in children and adolescents. A 12 month step-wise mandibular advancement protocol has been proved to enhance the condylar growth and improve the mandibular prognathism using Herbst appliance. OBJECTIVES: The following case report documented a 11 year-old Chinese girl with 11 mm overjet treated by a Phase I 12-month growth modification therapy using Twin Block appliance with Hyrax palatal expander and high pull headgear in a step-wise mandibular advancement protocol followed by a Phase II preadjusted Edgewise appliance therapy. This is one of the cases submitted for the Membership of Orthodontics Examination of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.published_or_final_versio

Clinical effect of a topical herbal ointment on pain in temporomandibular disorders: A randomized placebo-controlled trial

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of using Ping On ointment and using petroleum jelly in the treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and masticatory muscle pain, in order to establish the true efficacy of Ping On ointment. Methods: In this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, 55 subjects with TMJ and/or masticatory pain (Group I patients according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorder (RDC/TMD) received Ping On ointment for 4 weeks, or placebo for 4 weeks. Subjects were evaluated with standard measures of efficacy: pain intensity measured by visual analogue scale and maximal comfortable mandibular opening, at baseline and again after 4 weeks of treatment. Results: Ping On ointment significantly reduced the symptoms of painful TMJs and/or masticatory muscles. Maximal comfortable mandibular opening also improved in the Ping On ointment group compared with the placebo, but was not clinically significant. Conclusions: This preliminary study suggests that topical application of Ping On ointment may be considered for further investigation as a potential first-line treatment modality, before prescribing analgesics, for the management of TMDs. It is topically applied, safe, reversible, and effective in managing TMDs and masticatory muscle pain. © 2009, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.published_or_final_versio

Traditional chinese medicine and temporomandibular disorders management: a review

Background: Temporomandibular Disorders is a prevalent disease affecting a large population worldwide. Traditional Chinese medicine, as a part of complementary alternative medicine, has been used in treating TMDs for thousands of years in the Chinese society and being postulated beneficial. The aim of this article is to review the possible mechanisms and effectiveness of various TCM approaches in treating TMDs. Methods: Literatures in English and Chinese including clinical trials with sample randomization and control groups and basic scientific studies were analysed. Conclusions: The most common TCM treatment modalities in treating TMDs include acupuncture, moxibustion with or without acupuncture and medicated compress. A review of these TCM treatment modalities showed that possible beneficial effects existed in TMDs management. Acupuncture seems to be the most evidenced based treatment modality among the three and being investigated the most. However, due to a lack of evidence based studies, more scientific and rigorous randomised controlled clinical trials are needed to further evaluate TCM's safety, efficacy and effectiveness.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Management of severe class II malocclusion with sequential fixed functional and orthodontic appliances: a case for MOrhRCSEd examination

Fixed functional appliance is an effective way of treating skeletal Class II malocclusion in children and adolescents. The following case report documented a 13-year-old boy with 15 mm overjet treated by a phase I 12-month growth modification therapy using Herbst appliance with Hyrax palatal expander and high pull headgear in a stepwise mandibular advancement protocol followed by a phase II pre-adjusted edgewise appliance therapy. It is one of the cases submitted for the Membership of Orthodontics Examination of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh

Oxidation of alkynes by cobalt acetate bromide: a new mode of action for an important industrial catalyst

The catalytic oxidation of a variety of alkyne substrates has been studied using the well-known catalyst system, cobalt acetate bromide, under an O-2 atmosphere. Aryl-substituted alkynes generally gave diketones which cleaved to carboxylic acids under prolonged reaction. In some cases the diketone intermediates could be isolated in good yield. For example, reaction of diphenylacetylene with Co(OAc)(2)/NaBr and 0.02 eq. Mn(OAc)(2) as a promoter in 95\% AcOH/H2O at 70 degrees C for 7 h gave benzil in 78\% selectivity. Whilst [Co(OAc)Br] oxidation catalysis normally involves H-atom abstraction, many of the alkynes used in our study could not proceed by this mechanism. The electron-richness of the alkyne was important in determining reaction rates. Thus, slower reaction was found for PhC drop C-C drop C-Ph than diphenylacetylene itself, and no reaction at all was observed for [PhC drop CC6H4-NO2]. On the other hand, the internal aliphatic acetylene, 4-octyne, did proceed via II-atom abstraction, giving the corresponding acetylenic ketone [CH3CH2CH2C drop CCOCH2CH3] in 80\% yield. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

A convenient synthesis of alpha,beta-acetylenic ketones

Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technolog