Untargeted metabolomics in Anectocillus roxburghii with habitat heterogeneity and the key abiotic factors affecting its active ingredients

IntroductionAnoectochilus roxburghii is a rare, endangered herb with diverse pharmacological properties. Understanding the main metabolite types and characteristics of wild A. roxburghii is important for efficiently utilizing resources and examining quality according to origin.MethodsSamples were collected from the main production areas across five regions in Fujian Province, China. An untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed on the entire plants to explore their metabolic profiles. We utilized UPLC-MS/MS to specifically quantify eight targeted flavonoids in these samples. Subsequently, correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the relationships between the flavonoids content and both the biological characteristics and geographical features.ResultsA comprehensive analysis identified a total of 3,170 differential metabolites, with terpenoids and flavonoids being the most prevalent classes. A region-specific metabolite analysis revealed that the Yongchun (YC) region showed the highest diversity of unique metabolites, including tangeretin and oleanolic acid. Conversely, the Youxi (YX) region was found to have the smallest number of unique metabolites, with only one distinct compound identified. Further investigation through KEGG pathway enrichment analysis highlighted a significant enrichment in pathways related to flavonoid biosynthesis. Further examination of the flavonoid category showed that flavonols were the most differentially abundant. We quantified eight specific flavonoids, finding that, on average, the YX region exhibited higher levels of these compounds. Correlation analysis highlighted a significant association between flavonoids and habitat, especially temperature and humidity.DiscussionUntargeted metabolomics via LC-MS was suitable for identifying region-specific metabolites and their influence via habitat heterogeneity. The results of this study serve as a new theoretical reference for unique markers exclusively present in a specific sample group

Health status of the population in Naqu, Tibet and its latent class analysis: a cross-sectional survey

BackgroundThrough a survey and analysis of the population’s present state of health, it is possible to give data support for improving the health status of inhabitants in Naqu, Tibet. Additionally, it is possible to provide specific recommendations for the development of medical and healthcare facilities in Tibet.MethodsThe health scores of the participants were based on their responses to the four main sections of the questionnaire: dietary habits, living habits, health knowledge, and clinical disease history, and the variability of health status among groups with different characteristics was analyzed based on the scores. The four major sections were used to create classes of participants using latent class analysis (LCA). Using logistic regression, the factors influencing the classification of latent classes of health status were investigated.ResultsA total of 995 residents from 10 counties in Naqu were selected as the study subjects. And their demographic characteristics were described. The mean health score of residents after standardization was 81.59 ± 4.68. With the exception of gender, health scores differed between groups by age, education level, different occupations, marital status, and monthly income. The health status in Naqu, Tibet, was divided into two groups (entropy = 0.29, BLRT = 0.001, LMRT = 0.001) defined as the “good health group” and the “general health group.” A monthly income of more than ¥5000 adverse to good health in Naqu, Tibet.DiscussionSingle, well-educated young adults in Naqu, Tibet, have outstanding health. The vast majority of people in Tibet’s Naqu region were in good health. Furthermore, the population’s latent health status was divided into two classes, each with good dietary and living habits choices, low health knowledge, and a history of several clinical diseases. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that monthly income more than ¥5000 was an independent risk factor for poor health status

Treatment of ultra high-pressure brine overflow by drainage brine with controlling pressure technology

Overflow of high -pressure brine causes stratification and sedimentation of drilling fluid, which damages the performance of drilling fluid and lead to serious accidents such as sticking. In the face of saltwater overflow, the common practice is to increase the density of drilling fluid to prevent and deal with it. However, increasing the density will lead to serious lost circulation in the thief layer, thus aggravating the saltwater overflow. In order to solve this problem, this paper puts forward a method of drainage brine with controlling pressure to deal with the overflow of high -pressure brine layer. Through laboratory experiments, the pollution capacity limit of high -pressure brine on oil-based drilling fluid was determined, and the drainage brine with controlling pressure technology was systematically proposed. The controlled pressure water drainage treatment technology has been successful applied in 4 Wells drilling in ultra- deep salt paste formation in Tarim Basin

Lumped cluster analysis for understanding spatial and temporal patterns of groundwater geochemistry and hierarchically nested flow systems

Hydrogeochemical tracing is an important tool to identify groundwater flow systems.However, the complexity of regional hierarchically nested groundwater flow systems makes it more difficult to explain chemical compositions of groundwater.This study takes the Hutongchahan groundwater flow system in the lakes-controlling discharge area in the northern Ordos Basin as a typical example, and applies a cluster and principal component analysis to explore the hydrochemical data of groundwater sampled from different depths in both dry and wet seasons, aimed to reveal spatial and temporal patterns of groundwater chemistry and its controlling mechanism and to examine the reliability of identification of hierarchically nested groundwater flow systems.The groundwater samples were classified into three clusters.The C1 is the deep groundwater characterized by Na-HCO3 type, more negative δD(-70‰) and δ18O(>-9‰) and high NO3- concentration.The C3 is characterized by mixing of deep and shallow groundwater, with no dominant cations, δD and δ18O having wide range but significant linear correlation.The groundwater samples of C2 and part of the C3, which are mainly distributed along the north-south strip in the Subei-Hutongchahan lake drainage area, showed seasonal variations in chemical compositions.This study verified the spatial distribution of the shallow local and deep regional groundwater flow system controlled by the topography and lake discharge, and identified the Subei-Hutongchahan drainage area as the zone influenced by shallow and deep circulation.The lumped cluster analysis is proved as an effective method to understand spatial and temporal patterns of groundwater geochemistry and hierarchically nested flow systems