30,932 research outputs found
China's economic reforms : pointers for other economies in transition?
China's two main economic problems before reform were low incentives to workers and the misallocation of resources among sectors. These problems were theresult of a development strategy oriented toward heavy industry. By improving material incentives, China's reforms created a flow of new resources and allowed them to be allocated to sectors suppressed under pre-reform strategies. The onset of reform in China was not allowed to disrupt production from existing resources. Instead, the newly created resources were permitted to accrue and to flow into the more productive, often light industrial sectors, thus stimulating continuous growth of the national economy during reform. Low incentives and the suppression of nonpriority sectors are common features of the legacy of economies in transition from central planning that based their development on the rapid growth of heavy industry. China's approach may be of interest to them. Among lessons China learned are that: (a) Autonomy must be granted to micromanagement units and preserved to improve the incentive structure and create a new flow of resources. (b) While maintaining essential minimum levels of production in the pre-reform priority sectors, autonomous enterprises must be permitted and encouraged to allocate new incremental resource flows to the previously suppressed sectors. (c) In parallel, the distorted policy environment and planned-allocation system must be progressively reformed to bring them into line with the new system of incentives and modus operandi of autonomous enterprises.Banks&Banking Reform,Municipal Financial Management,Water and Industry,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies
Assisted optimal state discrimination without entanglement
A fundamental problem in quantum information is to explore the roles of
different quantum correlations in a quantum information procedure. Recent work
[Phys. Rev. Lett., 107 (2011) 080401] shows that the protocol for assisted
optimal state discrimination (AOSD) may be implemented successfully without
entanglement, but with another correlation, quantum dissonance. However, both
the original work and the extension to discrimination of states [Phys. Rev.
A, 85 (2012) 022328] have only proved that entanglement can be absent in the
case with equal a \emph{priori} probabilities. By improving the protocol in
[Sci. Rep., 3 (2013) 2134], we investigate this topic in a simple case to
discriminate three nonorthogonal states of a qutrit, with positive real
overlaps. In our procedure, the entanglement between the qutrit and an
auxiliary qubit is found to be completely unnecessary. This result shows that
the quantum dissonance may play as a key role in optimal state discrimination
assisted by a qubit for more general cases.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. Accepted by EPL. We extended the protocol for
assisted optimal state discrimination to the case with positive real
overlaps, and presented a proof for the absence of entanglemen
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