La disneylandisation de la ville sonne-t-elle le glas des espaces publics ?

Lorsque Walt Disney élabore le concept du premier parc à thème de l’histoire de l’industrie du loisir et qu’il dessine les plans de ce qui deviendra un des succès les plus retentissants de l’industrie culturelle, sa démarche s’inscrit dans cette volonté de créer un espace rempli de significations, un tout cohérent et autosuffisant. Bien plus qu’un produit culturel, le dessinateur invente alors une nouvelle manière de produire l’espace, basée sur des techniques et des stratégies elles aussi in..

8-Chloro-6-(3-dimethylaminopropylamino)-11H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]benzodiazepine

The crystal structure determination of the title compound, C17H20ClN5, has been undertaken as part of studies on antipsychotic drugs. Its structure is compared with that of clozapine (C18H19ClN4), a well known atypical antipsychotic drug. The side chain is more flexible than in the N-methylpiperazine analogues, but its folding is influenced by an intramolecular N-H . . .N hydrogen bond. The distances between the N-distal atom, a possible pharmacophore, and the centres of the two aromatic rings are significantly shorter than in clozapine. The crystal packing involves one N-H . . .N intermolecular hydrogen bond. The title compound showed no affinity for the receptors tested

Metaplastic effect of apamin on LTP and paired-pulse facilitation

In area CA1 of hippocampal slices, a single 1-sec train of 100-Hz stimulation generally triggers a short-lasting long-term potentiation (S-LTP) of 1–2 h. Here, we found that when such a train was applied 45 min after application of the small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channel blocker apamin, it induced a long-lasting LTP (L-LTP) of several hours, instead of an S-LTP. Apamin-induced SK channel blockage is known to resist washing. Nevertheless, the aforementioned effect is not a mere delayed effect; it is metaplastic. Indeed, when a single train was delivered to the Schaffer’s collaterals during apamin application, it induced an S-LTP, like in the control situation. At the moment of this LTP induction (15th min of apamin application), the SK channel blockage was nevertheless complete. Indeed, at that time, under the influence of apamin, the amplitude of the series of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) triggered by a stimulation train was increased. We found that the metaplastic effect of apamin on LTP was crucially dependent on the NO-synthase pathway, whereas the efficacy of the NMDA receptors was not modified at the time of its occurrence. We also found that apamin produced an increase in paired-pulse facilitation not during, but after, the application of the drug. Finally, we found that the induction of each of these two metaplastic phenomena was mediated by NMDA receptors. A speculative unitary hypothesis to explain these phenomena is proposed

Variation sociolinguistique et réseau social : constitution et traitement d’un corpus de données orales massives

International audienc

Recueil non supervisé et traitement d’un corpus oral dense et massif dans une école maternelle : un exemple avec le projet DyLNet

International audienc

Corps urbains

Des corps pressés, affaiblis, rêveurs, avertis, sportifs, danseurs, etc., se croisent, s'évitent, se frôlent et se heurtent parfois dans nos villes. Le mouvement est partout, changeant selon les heures et les lieux. Les piétons, touristes, flâneurs, progressent dans une ville qu'ils observent et qu'ils sentent. Certains espaces s’ouvrent à leurs llents cheminements, d'autres se rétractent pour faciliter le «transit automobile», obligeant les corps à s’adapter aux files continues de véhicules motorisés. Dans cet espace urbain complexe, de nouvelles formes de déplacement apparaissent, comme le «parkour», qui met en scène la liberté de mouvement dans des espaces contraignants. Au regard de la ville et de ses «corps en mouvement», quels choix les aménageurs et les urbanistes privilégient-ils dans la conception de l'espace public ? Quelle place accordent-ils à la dimension corporelle et sensible des mobilités ? Ce numéro spécial aborde l'espace public comme décor et propose une nouvelle lecture de la mise en scène du mouvement des corps, par des pratiques attendues, programmées, mais aussi par des compositions, des «chorégraphies urbaines»

Biological and genetic characteristics of HIV infections in Cameroon reveals dual group M and O infections and a correlation between SI-inducing phenotype of the predominant CRF02_AG variant and disease stage

AbstractIn Yaounde, Cameroon, HIV-1 group-specific V3 serology on 1469 HIV-positive samples collected between 1996 and 2001 revealed that group O infections remained constant around 1% for 6 years. Only one group N sample was identified and 4.3% reacted with group M and O peptides. Although the sensitivity of the group-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in two genomic regions was not optimal, we confirmed, in at least 6 of 49 (12.2%) dual O/M seropositive samples and in 1 of 9 group O samples, dual infection with group O and M viruses (n = 4) or with group O or M virus and an intergroup recombinant virus (n = 3). Partial env (V3–V5) sequences on a subset of 295 samples showed that at least eight subtypes and five circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) of HIV-1 group M co-circulate; more than 60% were CRF02_AG and 11% had discordant subtype/CRF designations between env and gag. Similarly as for subtype B, the proportion of syncytium-inducing strains increased when CD4 counts were low in CRF02_AG-infected patients. The V3-loop charge was significantly lower for non-syncytium-inducing strains than for syncytium-inducing strains but cannot be used as an individual marker to predict phenotype. The two predominant HIV-1 variants in Africa, CRF02_AG and subtype C, thus have different biological characteristics

Airway Macrophages Encompass Transcriptionally and Functionally Distinct Subsets Altered by Smoking

peer reviewedAlveolar macrophages (AMs) are functionally important innate cells involved in lung homeostasis and immunity and whose diversity in health and disease is a subject of intense investigations. Yet, it remains unclear to what extent conditions like smoking or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) trigger changes in the AM compartment. Here, we aimed to explore heterogeneity of human AMs isolated from healthy nonsmokers, smokers without COPD, and smokers with COPD by analyzing BAL fluid cells by flow cytometry and bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing. We found that subpopulations of BAL fluid CD2061 macrophages could be distinguished based on their degree of autofluorescence in each subject analyzed. CD2061 autofluorescenthigh AMs were identified as classical, self-proliferative AM, whereas autofluorescentlow AMs were expressing both monocyte and classical AM-related genes, supportive of a monocytic origin. Of note, monocyte-derived autofluorescentlow AMs exhibited a functionally distinct immunoregulatory profile, including the ability to secrete the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. Interestingly, single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses showed that transcriptionally distinct clusters of classical and monocyte-derived AM were uniquely enriched in smokers with and without COPD as compared with healthy nonsmokers. Of note, such smoking-associated clusters exhibited gene signatures enriched in detoxification, oxidative stress, and proinflammatory responses. Our study independently confirms previous reports supporting that monocyte-derived macrophages coexist with classical AM in the airways of healthy subjects and patients with COPD and identifies smoking-associated changes in the AM compartment that may favor COPD initiation or progression. © 2022 by the American Thoracic Society

Enhanced open-circuit voltage in polymer solar cells by dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole N-acylation

N-Acylation of dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole (DTP) leads to enhanced open-circuit voltages and hence higher power conversion efficiencies in polymer solar cells.</p