A Study on Chinese Tourists' Perception of Violence and Crime Risk in Thailand

Historically, China has consistently ranked among the top sources of international tourism population in Thailand. In early 2023, the Chinese government formulated new policies for personal and organized travel. After three years of silence, Chinese people are finally able to return to the Thai tourism market. Chinese tourists need to return to a safe Thailand because Thailand is a popular tourist destination for Chinese tourists. As a result, increased Chinese tourism activity will greatly help Thailand's tourism industry and economy. To explore the views of Chinese tourists on Thailand's security issues after the COVID-19 pandemic, the objective of this study is to examine the considerations of personal safety and risk among Chinese tourists when selecting international travel destinations. Additionally, it aims to analyze the factors that contribute to Chinese tourists' concerns regarding the risks of crime and violence specifically in Thailand. Furthermore, the study seeks to explore potential strategies and measures to enhance the safety and protection of Chinese tourists while in Thailand. From February 24th, 2023, to March 9th, 2023, this study interviewed tourism industry practitioners and Chinese tourists. Findings from this study add specific detail to the currently limited information about on-site experiences, particularly the Chinese views of safety aspects in Thailand. The respondents discussed in detail the awareness of Chinese tourists about the risks of crime and violence in Thailand and proposed measures they believe can better protect the safety of Chinese tourists in Thailand. Although many factors make Chinese tourists worried about the risk of violence and crime in Thailand, they still believe that Thailand is a relatively safe tourist destination.   Keywords: Thailand travel, Crime and Violence Risk, Chinese Touris

Home + - Modular design of prefabricated house in timber

The concept of industrialization of housing started early in the 1850s to establish an industrialized production system and experienced the development process from quantity, quality, and energy-saving to environmental protection. Timber as a material, due to its advantages in efficiency, and sustainability, has been applied to the modular design of prefabricated houses since 1970. The thesis attempts to discuss the relationship between the quality of space which concentrates on adaptability and flexibility, and the modular design of prefabricated houses in timber through research and design. In the literature part, this thesis first briefly introduces the development history of timber modular houses, briefly studies and analyzes the characteristics of timber modular houses in the process of module assembly from design to construction, such as structure, plan organization and the impact of modules on architectural form. Then it mainly focuses on the analysis and research of the relationship between adaptability and flexibility in architectural space and how to make modular space design have flexibility, and take this as the basis for the design part. In the design part, in Jätkäsaari, Helsinki, the design of multi-storey modular timber houses explores the possibility of flexibility of modular space before and after residents move in. The method of adaptability and flexibility discussed in the theoretical part are applied to the design

The impact of building operations on urban heat/cool islands under urban densification: a comparison between naturally-ventilated and air-conditioned buildings

Many cities are suffering the effects of urban heat islands (UHI) or urban cool islands (UCI) due to rapid urban expansion and numerous infrastructure developments. This paper presents a lumped urban-building thermal coupling model which captures the fundamental physical mechanism for thermal interactions between buildings and their urban environment. The benefits of the model are its simplicity and high computational efficiency for practical use in investigating the diurnal urban air temperature change and its asymmetry in a city with both naturally-ventilated (NV) and air-conditioned (AC) buildings. Our model predicts a lower urban heat island and higher urban cool island intensity in a city with naturally-ventilated buildings than for a city with air-conditioned buildings. During the urban densification (from a low-rise, low-density city to a high-rise, high-density one), the increases in the time constant and internal heat gain give rise to asymmetric warming phenomena, which become more obvious in a city with air-conditioned buildings rather than naturally-ventilated ones. Unlike previous studies, we found that a low-rise, low-density city experiences a stronger urban cool island effect than a high-rise, high-density city due to less heat being emitted into the urban atmosphere. The urban cool/heat island effect will firstly increase/decrease, and then rapidly decrease/increase and ultimately disappear/dominate with increasing time constant in the process of urbanization/urban densification

Future Intelligent Data link and Unit-Level Combat System Based on Global Combat Cloud

The development of U.S. Army and NATO data link systems is introduced first, and then the development trend of future intelligent data link is summarized into integration, generalization, multifunctionality and high security. A unit-level combat system architecture based on the global combat cloud, which is capable of realizing the flexible scheduling of global combat resources and maximizing the overall combat effectiveness, is proposed. Intelligent data link is an important part of this solution, providing strong information support for future urban unit-level warfare

Stability Based Generalization Bounds for Exponential Family Langevin Dynamics

Recent years have seen advances in generalization bounds for noisy stochastic algorithms, especially stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics (SGLD) based on stability (Mou et al., 2018; Li et al., 2020) and information theoretic approaches (Xu and Raginsky, 2017; Negrea et al., 2019; Steinke and Zakynthinou, 2020). In this paper, we unify and substantially generalize stability based generalization bounds and make three technical contributions. First, we bound the generalization error in terms of expected (not uniform) stability which arguably leads to quantitatively sharper bounds. Second, as our main contribution, we introduce Exponential Family Langevin Dynamics (EFLD), a substantial generalization of SGLD, which includes noisy versions of Sign-SGD and quantized SGD as special cases. We establish data-dependent expected stability based generalization bounds for any EFLD algorithm with a O(1/n) sample dependence and dependence on gradient discrepancy rather than the norm of gradients, yielding significantly sharper bounds. Third, we establish optimization guarantees for special cases of EFLD. Further, empirical results on benchmarks illustrate that our bounds are non-vacuous, quantitatively sharper than existing bounds, and behave correctly under noisy labels