The Commutative Effect and Casuality of Openness and Indigenous Factors Among World Economies

The paper studies the commutative and causality relationship between economic openness and indigenous factors. The construction of the Openness Index and the Indigenous Index provides a measure on the extent of openness and indigenous development among world economies. The two indices are used to study their commutative effect and causality. The empirical findings show that there is a positive and significant static effect of openness on indigenous factors and vice versa; however the latter is larger. There are bi-directional dynamic causality relationships between openness and indigenous factors. Indigenous factors help to forecast openness factors and vice versa.Openness, indigeneity, panel data model, commutative effect, causality

The commutative effect and causality of openness and indigenous factors among world economies

The paper studies the commutative and causality relationship between economic openness and indigenous factors. The construction of the Openness Index and the Indigenous Index provides a measure on the extent of openness and indigenous development among world economies. The two indices are used to study their commutative effect and causality. The empirical findings show that there is a positive and significant static effect of openness on indigenous factors and vice versa; however the latter is larger. There are bi-directional dynamic causality relationships between openness and indigenous factors. Indigenous factors help to forecast openness factors and vice versa

Nonlinear rotor dynamics on turbo expander with unbalanced bearing force caused by temperature difference

This paper dedicates on the non-dimensional nonlinear rotor dynamics analysis of a turbo expander under unbalanced bearing forces caused by the temperature difference. The turbo expander rotor system is abstracted to a strictly symmetric lumped parameter model. The influence of temperature difference is simplified to the ratio of oil viscosity, which is applied on Capone oil film model. 1-Dimensional and 2-Dimensional bifurcation analysis are implemented in order to obtain the dynamic characteristics of the turbo expander rotor system. It can be concluded that the compressor wheel and the expander wheel are of the same pattern of motion in spite of the existence of the temperature difference; High temperature difference results in a high entrance point of 1-periodic motion to quasi-periodic motion, but the entrance point keeps still when the ratio of viscosity reaches some critical value. The oil-whirl, first and second order oil whip of sliding bearings are the most important factors influencing the asymmetric vibration of the compressor wheel and the expander wheel

Dimensional Analysis Theory and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Polypropylene Melt Flow during Injection Molding Process

Flow marks are common surface defects that occur in injection-molded products. Their formation may be related to the flow process of the melt in the mold. Through dimensional analysis, we have discovered that the geometric shape of the flow field is controlled by specific dimensionless quantities. These quantities can be summarized as follows: geometric dimensionless quantities related to the shape of the mold, material dimensionless quantities related to the melt and mold materials, and physical dimensionless quantities related to the flow. When the geometric shape of the mold changes proportionally, with the melt and mold material fixed, and the initial temperature of the melt and mold fixed, the geometric shape of the flow field will be solely controlled by the Weissenberg number Wi. If Wi is kept constant, changing the injection speed, changing the relaxation time of the polypropylene melt, or scaling the mold will result in similar geometric shapes of the flow field. If the size of the mold is not changed, the geometric shape of the flow field will be the same. Since the dimensionless equation represents a similar system of all sizes, we verified the above conclusion through molecular dynamics simulations at a smaller scale. After further improvement of the micro simulation system, there is a possibility of visualizing the formation process of flow marks. This would greatly aid in the advancement of theory and the elimination of flow marks in production and experiments. This work also illustrates that the methodology of dimensional analysis plus molecular dynamics simulation may be applied to a wider range of other systems, scaling down large systems and thus significantly reducing their computational effort

Causality between openness and indigenous factors among world economies

The paper studies the causality relationship between economic openness and indigenous factors. The construction of the Openness Index and the Indigenous Index provides a measure on the extent of openness and indigenous development among world economies. The two indices are used to study their causality. The empirical findings show that there are bi-directional dynamic causality relationships between openness and indigenous factors. Indigenous factors help to forecast openness factors and vice versa

The Commutative Effect and Casuality of Openness and Indigenous Factors Among World Economies

The paper studies the commutative and causality relationship between economic openness and indigenous factors. The construction of the Openness Index and the Indigenous Index provides a measure on the extent of openness and indigenous development among world economies. The two indices are used to study their commutative effect and causality. The empirical findings show that there is a positive and significant static effect of openness on indigenous factors and vice versa; however the latter is larger. There are bi-directional dynamic causality relationships between openness and indigenous factors. Indigenous factors help to forecast openness factors and vice versa