QUANTIFYING PARTICLE PROPERTIES FROM ION-MOBILITY MEASUREMENTS

Nanoparticles have received considerable interest due to the wide variety of potential applications in biomedical, optical, and electronic fields. However, our capabilities for quantitatively charactering these materials, for example in number concentration or shape are limited. The objective of this work is to develop experimentally verified theories to quantify particle properties from aerosol based ion-mobility measurement. The use of aerosol tools is predicated on the idea that these methods offer the best chance for quantification, due to a better understanding of the physics of ion transport in the gas phase. Nevertheless this does not preclude us from using these techniques to characterize particles in liquids as will be show in the first part of this work which resolves problems associated with generating an aerosol from colloidal suspensions. In this dissertation I resolve the problem of artificial "droplet induced aggregation" during electrospray which can corrupt the eventual determination of particle size. I develop an experimentally verified statistical based model, to determine and correct this undesired artifact. Furthermore, I have found that this nominally undesired artifact can be used in a beneficial way that allows one to determine the absolute number concentration of nanoparticles in solution, without the need for calibration particles. Mobility is one of the most important and fundamental properties of a particle. However most particle characterization approaches interpret the results of mobility measurement in the context of spherical particle transport. I have undertaken to systematically explore the mobility properties of non-spherical particles. In this dissertation I develop a theory to quantify the effect of orientation on the mobility and the dynamic shape factor of charged axially symmetric particles in an electric field. The experimental results of well-defined doublets of NIST traceable size standard 127nm, 150nm, 200nm and 240nm PSL spheres are shown to be in excellent agreement with the expected values based on my theory. More general new theories of the mobility of nonspherical particles are also proposed and compared with current theories. I also propose a new instrument, a pulsed differential mobility analyzer (PDMA), to obtain shape information by measuring the electrical mobility under different electric fields

Association between Serum Interleukin-17A Level and High-Altitude Deacclimatization Syndrome

High-altitude deacclimatization syndrome (HADAS) is emerging as a severe public health issue that threatens the quality of life of individuals who return to lower altitude from high altitude. In this study, we measured serum levels of SOD, MDA, IL-17A, IL-10, TNF-α, and HADAS score in HADAS subjects at baseline and 50th and 100th days and to evaluate the relationship between interleukins, including IL-17A, and HADAS. Our data showed that and the serum IL-17A levels and HADAS score decreased over time in the HADAS group, and serum IL-17A levels were significantly higher in the HADAS group at baseline and 50th day compared with controls (p<0.05). Furthermore, baseline serum levels of MDA and TNF-α were significantly higher, while SOD and IL-10 levels were lower in HADAS subjects compared with controls (p<0.05). It is interesting that serum levels of IL-17A were clearly interrelated with HADAS incidence and severity (p<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that combined serum IL-17A and IL-10 levels were a better predictor of HADAS incidence than serum levels of IL-17A or IL-10 alone. These data suggest that serum levels of IL-17A are a novel predictive index of HADAS

Design, Synthesis, and In vitro Antitumor Activity Evaluation of Novel 4‐pyrrylamino Quinazoline Derivatives

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/88050/1/j.1747-0285.2011.01234.x.pd

Observation of spin-tensor induced topological phase transitions of triply degenerate points with a trapped ion

Triply degenerate points (TDPs), which correspond to new types of topological semimetals, can support novel quasiparticles possessing effective integer spins while preserving Fermi statistics. Here by mapping the momentum space to the parameter space of a three-level system in a trapped ion, we experimentally explore the transitions between different types of TDPs driven by spin-tensor--momentum couplings. We observe the phase transitions between TDPs with different topological charges by measuring the Berry flux on a loop surrounding the gap-closing lines, and the jump of the Berry flux gives the jump of the topological charge (up to a $2\pi$ factor) across the transitions. For the Berry flux measurement, we employ a new method by examining the geometric rotations of both spin vectors and tensors, which lead to a generalized solid angle equal to the Berry flux. The controllability of multi-level ion offers a versatile platform to study high-spin physics and our work paves the way to explore novel topological phenomena therein.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure

Sunitinib for adenocarcinoma of the rete testis: a case report

BackgroundAdenocarcinoma of the rete testis (AORT) is an extremely rare and aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis. Its etiology and pathological characteristics have not been extensively studied, making accurate diagnosis and appropriate management challenging. AORT, an invasive testicular tumor with a mortality rate of 46%, treatment typically involves radical orchiectomy, retroperitoneal pelvic lymph node dissection (RPLND), adjuvant chemotherapy, and/or ongoing monitoring, but the response to conventional radiation and chemotherapy is limited. At present, no effective targeted therapy for AORT has been found.Case descriptionIn this case report, we present the clinical scenario of a 50-year-old male patient initially diagnosed with a right testicular hydrocele, who subsequently underwent eversion of the parietal tunica vaginalis. Postoperative pathological analysis revealed metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). PET/CT demonstrated findings suggestive of left renal upper pole carcinoma with involvement of the right scrotum, para-aortic region, bilateral iliac vessels, bilateral inguinal region, and multiple metastases. Sunitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is commonly employed in the treatment of ccRCC. The patient underwent treatment with sunitinib for a duration of 20 months, resulting in the inactivation of multiple metastases. Following this, a radical orchiectomy was performed, and the postoperative pathology confirmed the presence of AORT. This article provides a comprehensive account of the patient's medical history, diagnostic process, treatment modalities, and subsequent follow-up observations.ConclusionsThis case report highlights the successful use of targeted therapy with sunitinib in a patient with AORT. The patient showed a positive response to targeted therapy. This study not only provides a novel foundation for the treatment of AORT, but also offers valuable insights for future treatment strategies in managing this particular form of testicular cancer