3,129 research outputs found
The Weyl-Wigner-Moyal Formalism for Spin
The Weyl-Wigner-Moyal formalism is developed for spin by means of a
correspondence between spherical harmonics and spherical harmonic tensor
operators. The analogue of the Moyal expansion is developed for the Weyl symbol
of the product of two operators in terms of the symbols for the individual
operators, and it is shown that in the classical limit, the Weyl symbol for a
commutator equals times the Poisson bracket of the corresponding Weyl
symbols. It is also found that, to the same order, there is no correction in
the symbol for the anticommutator
Shanghai’s Trade, China’s Growth: Continuity, Recovery, and Change since the Opium War
In this paper, we provide aggregate trends in China’s trade performance from the 1840s to the present. Based on historical benchmarks, we argue that China’s recent gains are not exclusively due to the reforms since 1978. Rather, foreign economic activity can be understood by developments that were set in motion in the 19th century. We turn our focus to Shanghai, currently the world’s largest port. Shanghai began direct trade relations with western nations starting in 1843. By 1853, Shanghai already accounted for more than half of China’s foreign trade. In tracking the levels and growth rates of the city’s net and gross imports and exports, foreign direct investment, and foreign residents over more than a century, we find that Shanghai’s level of bilateral trade today with the United States, the United Kingdom, or Japan, for example, are by no means high given Shanghai’s 19th century experience. This paper argues that a regional approach that embeds national trading destinations within an international trading system provides a meaningful approach to understanding the history of China’s trade.
A Repeated Call for Omnibus Federal Cybersecurity Law
In Part I, this Note discusses the concerning regularity of high-profile data breaches that have occurred within the United States’ weak and patchwork landscape of cybersecurity law. Part II discusses the challenges companies face when attempting to comply with the current cybersecurity law, and why companies who are deemed compliant are still falling victim to hackers and data breaches. Part III makes a call for federal legislation to replace the current, inadequate, fragmented, and uneven landscape of cybersecurity law. Part IV discusses numerous factors and incentives to consider in creating an omnibus federal cybersecurity law. Finally, Part V offers some critiques to creating an omnibus law
Information-theoretic classification of SNOMED improves the organization of context-sensitive excerpts from Cochrane Reviews
The emphasis on evidence based medicine (EBM) has placed increased focus on finding timely answers to clinical questions in presence of patients. Using a combination of natural language processing for the generation of clinical excerpts and information theoretic distance based clustering, we evaluated multiple approaches for the efficient
presentation of context-sensitive EBM excerpts
Primordia initiation of mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) strains on axenic casing materials
The mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) has a
requirement for a ‘‘casing layer’’ that has specific
physical, chemical and microbiological properties
which stimulate and promote the initiation of primordia.
Some of these primordia then may develop
further into sporophores, involving differentiation of
tissue. Wild and commercial strains of A. bisporus
were cultured in axenic and nonaxenic microcosms,
using a rye grain substrate covered by a range of organic
and inorganic casing materials. In axenic culture,
A. bisporus (commercial strain A15) was capable
of producing primordia and mature sporophores on
charcoal (wood and activated), anthracite coal, lignite
and zeolite, but not on bark, coir, peat, rockwool,
silica or vermiculite. Of six strains tested, only
the developmental variant mutant, B430, produced
rudimentary primordia on axenic peat-based casing
material. However, none of these rudimentary primordia
developed differentiated tissues or beyond 4
mm diameter, either on axenic casing material in the
microcosms or in larger-scale culture. In larger-scale,
nonaxenic culture, strain B430 produced severely
malformed but mature sporophores in similar numbers
to those of other strains. Typically, 3–6% of primordia
developed into mature sporophores, but significant
differences in this proportion, as well as in
the numbers of primordia produced, were recorded
between 12 A. bisporus strains
Eastwei: A Knowledge-Based Value Shop
Knowledge management (KM) has been the focus of comprehensive research over the last two decades, with particular attention paid to the related technology. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the embedding of KM into day-to-day business operations in order to mobilize resources and activities so as to create substantial value for customers. In this paper, we investigate knowledge management practices by applying the concept of the value shop to the case of Eastwei, a professional services firm in China. We explain how Eastwei functions as a Knowledge-based Value Shop (KBVS), creating and disseminating knowledge as it fulfils its obligations with clients. We find that guanxi, a fundamental concept for Chinese society that incorporates personal relationships and reciprocal obligations, plays a significant role in Eastwei’s KBVS arrangements. Given the importance of guanxi, we then discuss how we have set about developing a knowledge-centred strategic direction at Eastwei, drawing on both current knowledge sharing practices and the possibilities offered by instant messaging and wiki technologies
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