656 research outputs found
Performance Analysis of Synchronous Duty-Cycled MAC Protocols
Β© 2015 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works.In this letter, we propose an analytical model to
evaluate the performance of the S-MAC protocol. The proposed
model improves the accuracy of previous models in two aspects.
First, it incorporates the dependence among the nodes within
a cluster by defining a DTMC that models the number of
active nodes, whereas the previous models considered that nodes
were mutually independent. Second, it proposes new methods for
calculating packet delay and energy consumption. The analytical
model is validated through discrete-event based simulations. Numerical
results demonstrate that the proposed analytical model
and methods yield accurate results under realistic assumptionsThis work was supported in part by the Spanish Government through project TIN2013-47272-C2-1-R. The associate editor coordinating the review of this paper and approving it for publication was J.-C. Chen.MartΓnez Bauset, J.; Guntupalli, L.; Li, F. (2015). Performance Analysis of Synchronous Duty-Cycled MAC Protocols. IEEE Wireless Communications Letters. 4(5):469-472. https://doi.org/10.1109/LWC.2015.2439267S4694724
Generation of attosecond electron bunches in a laser-plasma accelerator using a plasma density upramp
Attosecond electron bunches and attosecond radiation pulses enable the study of ultrafast dynamics of matter in an unprecedented regime. In this paper, the suitability for the experimental realization of a novel scheme producing sub-femtosecond duration electron bunches from laser-wakefield acceleration in plasma with self-injection in a plasma upramp profile has been investigated. While it has previously been predicted that this requires laser power above a few hundred terawatts typically, here we show that the scheme can be extended with reduced driving laser powers down to tens of terawatts, generating accelerated electron pulses with minimum length of around 166. attoseconds and picocoulombs charge. Using particle-in-cell simulations and theoretical models, the evolution of the accelerated electron bunch within the plasma as well as simple scalings of the bunch properties with initial laser and plasma parameters are presented
Structure-properties relationships in solution-processable single-material molecular emitters for efficient green organic light-emitting diodes
The electroluminescent properties of a series of solution-processable fluorescent molecular emitters have been systematically investigated. While the introduction of the electron-deficient benzothiadiazole unit in the structure confers efficient electron-injection on the emitter materials, they exhibit different hole-transport properties. The device characteristics of the OLEDs based on these various emitters are discussed on the basis of (i) the energy levels of their HOMO and LUMO and (ii) their hole-transport properties in relation with the charge-transport and blocking properties of the electron- and hole-transport layers. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
A Cluster Method for the Ashkin--Teller Model
A cluster Monte Carlo algorithm for the Ashkin-Teller (AT) model is
constructed according to the guidelines of a general scheme for such
algorithms. Its dynamical behaviour is tested for the square lattice AT model.
We perform simulations on the line of critical points along which the exponents
vary continuously, and find that critical slowing down is significantly
reduced. We find continuous variation of the dynamical exponent along the
line, following the variation of the ratio , in a manner which
satisfies the Li-Sokal bound , that was so far
proved only for Potts models.Comment: 18 pages, Revtex, figures include
Compression Behavior of Biodegradable Thermoplastic Plasticizer-Containing Composites
Thermoplastic starch-based composites generate worldwide interest as they are based on green raw materials and undergo complete degradation. The composites were first fabricated from starch and sisal fibers as the major materials via the forming process. The effect of starches with different contents of single- and multicomponent plasticizers on the cushioning properties of the composites was studied. An increase in plasticizer contents within a certain range is shown to enhance materials resistance to pressure and its cushioning performance. With the multicomponent plasticizer content of 15%, the resistance to pressure for four types of composites prepared at different weight ratios of formamide and urea were of the order of 2:1>1:1>1:2, and that of the four types of composites fabricated at different weight ratios of glycerol and ethylene glycol were of the order of 1:2>2:1>1:1. Multicomponent plasticizer-containing starch-based composites are shown to be irregular elastomers and the stress-strain relation to be first defined by a hyperbolic tangent curve function and then by the tangent one.ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠ°Π»Π° ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ
, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΡΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·Π°Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠ°Π»Π° Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° 15% ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΄Ρ 2:1>1:1>1:2, Π° Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π³Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ 1:2>2:1>1:1. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠ°Π»Π°, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΈ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π½Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°Π½Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Ρ.ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΎΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π»Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π°Π³ΠΈ ΡΠΊ Π²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ·Π½ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
, ΡΠ°ΠΊ Ρ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ±ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΡΠΎΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π»Ρ Ρ ΡΠΈΠ·Π°Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ². ΠΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΎΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π»Ρ Π· ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ
Ρ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡΠ² Π½Π° Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΡΠΉΠ½Ρ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ². ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ
Π·Ρ Π·Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡ Ρ ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΡΠΉΠ½Ρ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° 15% ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΡΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ², ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΡΠ²Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΠΌΡΠ΄Π° Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΄Ρ 2: 1> 1: 1> 1: 2, Π° Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΡΠ²Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Ρ Π΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ - Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ 1 : 2> 2: 1> 1: 1. ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΊΡΠΎΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π»Ρ, ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡ, Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Ρ Π·Π°Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΆ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ³Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π³ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΈ Ρ Π² Π΄ΡΡΠ³Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ³Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΈ
Effect of sugar positions in ginsenosides and their inhibitory potency on Na+/K+-ATPase activity
Aim: To determine whether ginsenosides with various sugar attachments may act as active components responsible for the cardiac therapeutic effects of ginseng and sanqi (the roots of Panax ginseng and Panax notoginseng) via the same molecular mechanism triggered by cardiac glycosides, such as ouabain and digoxin. Methods: The structural similarity between ginsenosides and ouabain was analyzed. The inhibitory potency of ginsenosides and ouabain on Na+/K+-ATPase activity was examined and compared. Molecular modeling was exhibited for the docking of ginsenosides to Na+/K+-ATPase. Results: Ginsenosides with sugar moieties attached only to the C-3 position of the steroid-like structure, equivalent to the sugar position in cardiac glycosides, and possessed inhibitory potency on Na+/K+-ATPase activity. However, their inhibitory potency was significantly reduced or completely abolished when a monosaccharide was linked to the C-6 or C-20 position of the steroid-like structure; replacement of the monosaccharide with a disaccharide molecule at either of these positions caused the disappearance of the inhibitory potency. Molecular modeling and docking confirmed that the difference in Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitory potency among ginsenosides was due to the steric hindrance of sugar attachment at the C-6 and C-20 positions of the steroid-like structure. Conclusion: The cardiac therapeutic effects of ginseng and sanqi should be at least partly attributed to the effective inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase by their metabolized ginsenosides with sugar moieties attached only to the C-3 position of the steroid-like structure
Inhibition of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase stimulates mu opioid receptor expression via p38 MAPK-mediated nuclear NF-ΞΊB activation in neuronal and non-neuronal cells
AbstractDespite its potential side effects of addiction, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms, morphine is widely used for reducing moderate and severe pain. Previous studies have shown that the analgesic effect of morphine depends on mu opioid receptor (MOR) expression levels, but the regulatory mechanism of MOR is not yet fully understood. Several in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway is closely associated with neuropathic hyperalgesia, which closely resembles the neuroplastic changes observed with morphine antinociceptive tolerance. In this study, we show that inhibition of JNK by SP600125, its inhibitory peptide, or JNK-1 siRNA induced MOR at both mRNA and protein levels in neuronal cells. This increase in MOR expression was reversed by inhibition of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, but not by inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) pathway. Further experiments using cell signaling inhibitors showed that MOR upregulation by JNK inhibition involved nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ΞΊB). The p38 MAPK dependent phosphorylation of p65 NF-ΞΊB subunit in the nucleus was increased by SP600125 treatment. We also observed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis that JNK inhibition led to increased bindings of CBP and histone-3 dimethyl K4, and decreased bindings of HDAC-2, MeCP2, and histone-3 trimethyl K9 to the MOR promoter indicating a transcriptional regulation of MOR by JNK inhibition. All these results suggest a regulatory role of the p38 MAPK and NF-ΞΊB pathways in MOR gene expression and aid to our better understanding of the MOR gene regulation
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