Motivational Projections of Russian Spontaneous Speech

The article deals with the semantic, pragmatic and structural features of words, phrases, dialogues motivation, in the contemporary Russian popular speech. These structural features are characterized by originality and unconventional use. Language material is the result of authors` direct observation of spontaneous verbal communication between people of different social and age groups. The words and remarks were analyzed in compliance with the communication system of national Russian language and cultural background of popular speech. Studies have discovered that in spoken discourse there are some other ways to increase the expression statement. It is important to note that spontaneous speech identifies lacunae in the nominative language and its vocabulary system. It is proved, prefixation is also effective and regular way of the same action presenting. The most typical forms, ways and means to update language resources as a result of the linguistic creativity of native speakers were identified

Predictors of Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients with Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

Background: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease (ILD) that occurs in susceptible individuals in response to various inhaled antigens. The fibrotic phenotype of HP is characterized by disease progression and can lead to pulmonary hypertension (PH). The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of PH and to identify predictors of PH in patients with chronic HP. Methods: We conducted an observational longitudinal study that included 85 patients with an established diagnosis of HP. Clinical examination, quality of life questionnaires, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest, arterial blood gases analyses, six-minute walking test (6-MWT), pulmonary function tests, and echocardiography were performed. Results: Patients were divided into groups with fibrotic (71.8%) and nonfibrotic phenotype (28.2%). PH was detected in 41 (48.2%) patients. Patients with PH had the predominant fibrotic phenotype of HP, were older, more symptomatic, and had a higher FVC/DLco ratio. The most significant predictors of PH were CT signs of fibrosis, finger clubbing, FVC/DLco, decreased distance, and SpO2 at the end of 6-MWT, as well as the presence of cardiovascular diseases. Conclusions: PH is a common condition in patients with chronic HP, especially with the fibrotic phenotype. Early detection of the PH predictors is necessary for the timely diagnosis of this complication of HP

Predictors of Progression and Mortality in Patients with Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Retrospective Analysis of Registry of Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease (ILD) resulting from an immune-mediated response in susceptible and sensitized individuals to a large variety of inhaled antigens. Chronic HP with a fibrotic phenotype is characterized by disease progression and a dismal prognosis. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of progression and mortality in patients with chronic HP in real clinical practice. Materials and methods: This retrospective, multicenter, observational study used data from a registry of 1355 patients with fibrosing ILDs. The study included 292 patients diagnosed with chronic HP based on the conclusion of a multidisciplinary discussion (MDD). Results: The patients were divided into groups with progressive (92 (30.3%) patients) and nonprogressive pulmonary fibrosis (200 (69.7%) patients). The most significant predictors of adverse outcomes were a DLco < 50% predicted, an SpO2 at the end of a six-minute walk test (6-MWT) < 85%, and a GAP score ≥ 4 points. Conclusion: Pulmonary fibrosis and a progressive fibrotic phenotype are common in patients with chronic HP. Early detection of the predictors of an adverse prognosis of chronic HP is necessary for the timely initiation of antifibrotic therapy