Conseptual comрrehention of irony

The notion of irony is present in different historical and philosophical contexts as well as in linguistic ones. Each epoch introduced its shades to the meaning, the future trends of its development and study remain open. The urgency of the topic of investigation is determined by interest of scholars to conceptual comprehension of irony and availability of many gaps in the sphere. An object of investigation is presented by the concept of negation in English language discourse

Interaction-induced backscattering in short quantum wires

We study interaction-induced backscattering in clean quantum wires with adiabatic contacts exposed to a voltage bias. Particle backscattering relaxes such systems to a fully equilibrated steady state only on length scales exponentially large in the ratio of bandwidth of excitations and temperature. Here we focus on shorter wires in which full equilibration is not accomplished. Signatures of relaxation then are due to backscattering of hole excitations close to the band bottom which perform a diffusive motion in momentum space while scattering from excitations at the Fermi level. This is reminiscent to the first passage problem of a Brownian particle and, regardless of the interaction strength, can be described by an inhomogeneous Fokker-Planck equation. From general solutions of the latter we calculate the hole backscattering rate for different wire lengths and discuss the resulting length dependence of interaction-induced correction to the conductance of a clean single channel quantum wire.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Electrochemical behavior of a titanium electrode in hydrazine solutions

The kinetics of the establishment of the oxidation-reduction potential of a titanium electrode upon contact with hydrazine was studied in different media: H2SO4, NaOH, and Na2SO4. It was found that the nature of the potential shift depends little on the medium. The initial potential determines the rate of potential displacement upon contact with hydrazine, which is explained by the different condition of the electrode's surface

Translation of Levchenko, N. G. 1962. Dynamics of an infection by \u3ci\u3eSarcocystis tenella\u3c/i\u3e sarcosporidia in sheep in southeast Kazakhstan [= Dinamika zarazheniya sarkosporidyami \u3ci\u3eSarcocystis tenella\u3c/i\u3e ovets yugo-vostoka Kazakhstana]. In Boev., S. N., et al., editors. \u3ci\u3eParasites of farm animals in Kazakhstan\u3c/i\u3e, I. [= \u3ci\u3eParazity sel\u27skhokzyaistvennykh zhivotnykh Kazakhstana\u3c/i\u3e, I]. \u3ci\u3eIzdat. Akademie Nauk Kazakh SSR\u3c/i\u3e, Alma-Ata, Kazakh SSR, pp. 63-68

Conclusions Sarcocystis tenellainfects sheep in southeast Kazakhstan starting in their second month of life. As the sheep age the extent and intensity of infection grows, by the tenth or eleventh month, 100% of the sheep are infected. Adult sheep more than 5 years old are all infected with sarcosporidia. As the level of fatness decreases the extent and severity of sarcosporidial infection rises. Females become infected oftener and more heavily than males. Infection of sheep by sarcosporidia occurs throughout the year in southeast Kazakhstan, with a rise in the spring-summer and early autumn periods; its prevalence is somewhat less in the late autumn and winter. Translation number 23, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States, December 17, 1969 (6 pages) Translation of Levchenko, N. G. 1962. Dynamics of an infection by Sarcocystis tenella sarcosporidia in sheep in southeast Kazakhstan [= Dinamika zarazheniya sarkosporidyami Sarcocystis tenella ovets yugo-vostoka Kazakhstana]. In Boev., S. N., et al., editors. Parasites of farm animals in Kazakhstan, I. [= Parazity sel\u27skhokzyaistvennykh zhivotnykh Kazakhstana, I]. Izdat. Akademie Nauk Kazakh SSR, Alma-Ata, Kazakh SSR, pp. 63-68 Translated from Russian to English by Frederick K. Plous, Jr., and edited by Norman D. Levine (notated NDL:cml

Novel Quaternary Dilute Magnetic Semiconductor (Ga,Mn)(Bi,As): Magnetic and Magneto-Transport Investigations

Magnetic and magneto-transport properties of thin layers of the (Ga,Mn)(Bi,As) quaternary dilute magnetic semiconductor grown by the low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy technique on GaAs substrates have been investigated. Ferromagnetic Curie temperature and magneto-crystalline anisotropy of the layers have been examined by using magneto-optical Kerr effect magnetometry and low-temperature magneto-transport measurements. Postgrowth annealing treatment has been shown to enhance the hole concentration and Curie temperature in the layers. Significant increase in the magnitude of magnetotransport effects caused by incorporation of a small amount of Bi into the (Ga,Mn)As layers revealed in the planar Hall effect (PHE) measurements, is interpreted as a result of enhanced spin-orbit coupling in the (Ga,Mn)(Bi,As) layers. Two-state behaviour of the planar Hall resistance at zero magnetic field provides its usefulness for applications in nonvolatile memory devices.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, to be published in the Proceedings of ICSM-2016 conferenc