Evolución de la esencia y perspectivas de desarrollo de la economía digital

El desarrollo de la economía digital en Rusia va a la zaga de los líderes mundiales en este proceso. Sin embargo, para ser competitivo en el espacio digital de la economía global, es necesario superar este retraso. Para ello es necesario generalizar los enfoques teóricos y los conceptos de la economía digital en Rusia y en el mundo, seguir la evolución de las opiniones, los enfoques y las perspectivas de desarrollo, analizar el nivel de digitalización, la calificación de competitividad digital, los indicadores del desarrollo de la economía digital y el gobierno digital. Esto se hizo en el artículo porque el propósito del estudio es generalizar los enfoques teóricos sobre la esencia de la economía digital y las perspectivas de su crecimiento desde el punto de vista de la evolución. En cuanto a los resultados del estudio, se han identificado las etapas evolutivas del desarrollo de la economía digital, se ha realizado un análisis DAFO de la evolución de la economía digital en Rusia y se ha elaborado un esquema conceptual para la transformación digital de las empresas. El documento define los elementos esenciales de la transformación digital y su relación

Recent progress in the simulation of diffusion associated with hollow and Bi-metallic nanoparticles

In this paper, we review the recent understanding gained by kinetic Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulation and related theory of the diffusion processes involved in 1) the formation and later shrinkage of hollow nanoparticles and 2) the formation of segregated bi-metallic nanoparticles

Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to the Supply Chain Strategies Role and Analysis of Seaport Competitiveness in the Far East of Russia

Under market conditions, competitiveness is the main quality of any subject, whether it is an enterprise or such a complex structure as a seaport. Competitiveness was considered by many authors abroad and in Russia from different positions: cost approach, innovative approach, supply chain. Each author endured a certain aspect as the main one for analysis. The article is based on the analysis of different points of view and study object features, substantiates the essence of competitiveness through an integrated approach, since the seaport, performing a complex of specific services, fights for demand at different levels: from international to intra-port. The aim of the study was the systematization of theoretical and methodological approaches to the analysis of seaport competitiveness in the Russian Far East for the further development of proposals on competitiveness improvement. Based on the analysis, they substantiated the significance of seaports in the modern world economy and the economy of the Russian Far East. They evaluated the development potential of the Far Eastern ports. On the basis of an integrated supply chain, the competitiveness of the seaports of the Far East of Russia was assessed

Abordagens teóricas e metodológicas para controle introdução ao sistema de gestão da organização industrial

Currently, the provision of mainly intensive economic growth in industries is of strategic importance for Russian economy, the solution of which is impossible without the increase of management process efficiency using modern tools, with a unique character including controlling systems. The aim of the study was to systematize theoretical approaches to controlling for their further application in practice. A set of scientific methods was used during the study: analysis and synthesis, system approach, comparison, abstraction, historical method, induction and deduction, generalization and formalization. The authors carried out the periodization of controlling development overseas with the identification of its evolution main stages; they systematized the basic approaches to determine the essence of controlling, which allowed to formulate the contents of its three basic concepts in accordance with evolutionary development. The reasons of various conceptual approaches existence in Russia are the incidents of the term translation, the study of controlling by the experts from different branches of knowledge, and an insufficient filling of training programs with controlling disciplines. The study of controlling essence made it possible to identify the totality of the tasks and the functions performed before it in interrelation and interdependence. The separation of industrial enterprise functioning features that affect the organization of management processes made it possible to conclude that it is necessary to use controlling at all stages of the operational and investment cycles, to integrate it into the management and accounting system, with the definition of a sufficient number of subjects and objects. The work has systematized the existing approaches to the classification of controlling and the author's classification, was proposed taking into account the characteristics of industrial enterprises, as well as the controlling system model that emphasizes the need to take into account external and internal factors, the introduction of controlling in the company management system. It is recommended to use theoretical and methodical research results to train experts in the field of economics and management, as well as in real practice of industrial enterprises.En la actualidad, la provisión de crecimiento económico principalmente intensivo en industrias es de importancia estratégica para la economía rusa, cuya solución es imposible sin el aumento en la eficiencia del proceso de gestión utilizando herramientas modernas, con un carácter único que incluye sistemas de control. El objetivo del estudio fue sistematizar los enfoques teóricos para controlar su posterior aplicación en la práctica. Durante el estudio se utilizó un conjunto de métodos científicos durante el estudio: análisis y síntesis, enfoque sistémico, comparación, abstracción, método histórico, inducción y deducción, generalización y formalización. Los autores llevaron a cabo la periodización del control del desarrollo en el exterior con la identificación de sus etapas principales de evolución; sistematizaron los enfoques básicos para determinar la esencia del control, lo que permitió formular los contenidos de sus tres conceptos básicos de acuerdo con el desarrollo evolutivo. Las razones de la existencia de diversos enfoques conceptuales en Rusia son los incidentes del término traducción, el estudio del control por parte de los expertos de diferentes ramas del conocimiento, y un llenado insuficiente de programas de capacitación con disciplinas controladoras. El estudio de la esencia controladora permitió identificar la totalidad de las tareas y las funciones desempeñadas antes en interrelación e interdependencia. La separación de las características de funcionamiento de la empresa industrial que afectan la organización de los procesos de gestión permitió concluir que es necesario utilizar el control en todas las etapas de los ciclos operacionales y de inversión, para integrarlo en el sistema de gestión y contabilización, con la definición de un número suficiente de sujetos y objetos. El trabajo ha sistematizado los enfoques existentes para la clasificación del control y la clasificación del autor, se propuso teniendo en cuenta las características de las empresas industriales, así como el modelo de sistema de control que enfatiza la necesidad de tener en cuenta factores externos e internos, la introducción del control en el sistema de gestión de la empresa. Se recomienda utilizar los resultados de investigaciones teóricas y metódicas para capacitar a expertos en el campo de la economía y la gestión, así como en la práctica real de las empresas de la industria.Atualmente, a oferta de crescimento econômico, principalmente intensivo em indústrias, é de importância estratégica para a economia russa, cuja solução é impossível sem aumentar a eficiência do processo de gestão utilizando ferramentas modernas, com um caráter único que inclui sistemas de controle. O objetivo do estudo foi sistematizar as abordagens teóricas para controlar sua posterior aplicação na prática. Um conjunto de métodos científicos foi utilizado durante o estudo: análise e síntese, abordagem sistêmica, comparação, abstração, método histórico, indução e dedução, generalização e formalização. Os autores realizaram a periodização do controle do desenvolvimento no exterior com a identificação de seus principais estágios de evolução; Eles sistematizaram as abordagens básicas para determinar a essência do controle, o que permitiu formular o conteúdo de seus três conceitos básicos de acordo com o desenvolvimento evolucionário. As razões para a existência de várias abordagens conceituais na Rússia são os incidentes do termo tradução, o estudo do controle por especialistas de diferentes ramos do conhecimento e um preenchimento insuficiente de programas de treinamento com disciplinas controladoras. O estudo da essência controladora permitiu identificar a totalidade das tarefas e as funções desempenhadas anteriormente em interrelação e interdependência. A separação das características operacionais da empresa industrial que afetam a organização dos processos de gestão permitiu concluir que é necessário utilizar o controle em todas as etapas dos ciclos operacionais e de investimento, para integrá-lo ao sistema de gestão e contabilidade, com a definição de um número suficiente de sujeitos e objetos. Trabalho sistematizou abordagens existentes para o monitoramento de classificação e classificação do autor, foi proposto tendo em conta as características das empresas industriais, bem como o sistema de controle modelo que enfatiza a necessidade de ter em conta externa e fatores internos , a introdução do controle no sistema de gestão da empresa. Recomenda-se utilizar os resultados de investigações teóricas e metodológicas para formar especialistas no campo da economia e gestão, bem como na prática real das empresas industriais

Decontamination-induced modification of bioactivity in essential oil-based plasma polymer coatings

Plasma polymer coatings fabricated from Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil and its derivatives have been previously shown to reduce the extent of microbial adhesion on titanium, polymers, and other implantable materials used in dentistry. Previous studies have shown these coatings to maintain their performance under standard operating conditions; however, when used in e.g., a dental implant, these coatings may inadvertently become subject to in situ cleaning treatments, such as those using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet, a promising tool for the effective in situ removal of biofilms from tissues and implant surfaces. Here, we investigated the effect of such an exposure on the antimicrobial performance of the Melaleuca alternifolia polymer coating. It was found that direct exposure of the polymer coating surface to the jet for periods less than 60 s was sufficient to induce changes in its surface chemistry and topography, affecting its ability to retard subsequent microbial attachment. The exact effect of the jet exposure depended on the chemistry of the polymer coating, the length of plasma treatment, cell type, and incubation conditions. The change in the antimicrobial activity for polymer coatings fabricated at powers of 20–30 W was not statistically significant due to their limited baseline bioactivity. Interestingly, the bioactivity of polymer coatings fabricated at 10 and 15 W against Staphylococcus aureus cells was temporarily improved after the treatment, which could be attributed to the generation of loosely attached bioactive fragments on the treated surface, resulting in an increase in the dose of the bioactive agents being eluted by the surface. Attachment and proliferation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells and mixed cultures were less affected by changes in the bioactivity profile of the surface. The sensitivity of the cells to the change imparted by the jet treatment was also found to be dependent on their origin culture, with mature biofilm-derived P. aeruginosa bacterial cells showing a greater ability to colonize the surface when compared to its planktonic broth-grown counterpart. The presence of plasma-generated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the culture media was also found to enhance the bioactivity of polymer coatings fabricated at power levels of 10 and 15 W, due to a synergistic effect arising from simultaneous exposure of cells to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and eluted bioactive fragments. These results suggest that it is important to consider the possible implications of inadvertent changes in the properties and performance of plasma polymer coatings as a result of exposure to in situ decontamination, to both prevent suboptimal performance and to exploit possible synergies that may arise for some polymer coating-surface treatment combinations

Comparative analysis of the intestinal microbiota in patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency of various severity

Background. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is a critical host factor in determining the composition of the gut microbiota. Diseases that cause exocrine insufficiency can affect the gut microbiome, which can potentiate disease progression and complications. To date, the relationship of exocrine insufficiency in various pancreatic (PA) pathologies, in chronic pancreatitis (CP), with dysbiotic changes in the intestinal microbiota (IM) has not been reliably studied. The available data are heterogeneous and contradictory, which determines the need for further research. Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of the taxonomic composition of the intestinal microbiota in patients with CP of various etiologies, without or with the presence of EPI of varying severity, as well as patients with severe EPI with a history of surgical intervention (SI) on the pancreas. Materials and methods. A total of 85 patients were included in the study. Patients were divided into groups according to the severity of EPI: Group 1 (n=16) patients with CP without EPI; Group 2 (n=11) patients with CP and mild EPI; Group 3 (n=17) patients with severe CP and EPI; Group 4 (n=41) severe EPI in persons with a history of SI on the pancreas. Verification of CP was carried out according to clinical, anamnestic and instrumental data. The degree of EPI was determined by the level of pancreatic elastase-1 (PE-1) feces. Informed consent for the study was obtained for each patient, an anamnesis was collected, physical and laboratory examinations were performed, and a stool sample was obtained. DNA was extracted from each stool sample, the taxonomic composition of BM was determined by sequencing the bacterial 16S rRNA genes, followed by bioinformatic analysis. Results. We followed the changes in the gut microbiota from a group of patients with CP without EPI to a group with severe EPI, in those who underwent SI. At the level of the phylum, the IM of all groups showed the dominance of Firmicutes, with the lowest representation in the severe EPI group, both with SI and CP, and the growth of the Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota and Fusobacteria types. The differential representation of childbirth varied: in patients with severe EPI and CP, compared with mild, statistically significant genera Akkermansia, Ruminococcus gauvreauii group and Holdemanella; compared with CP without exocrine insufficiency, Prevotella, Ruminococcus gauvreauii group, Peptostreptococcus and Blautia dominated. The CP group with mild EPI was dominated by the following genera: Lachnospiraceae_ND 2004 group, Faecalitalea, Fusobacterium, Catenibacterium, Roseburia, Atopobium, Cloacibacillus, Clostridium innococum group, Ruminococcus torques group. All groups showed a low diversity of taxa with a predominance of opportunistic flora, including participants in oncogenesis. Conclusion. The results of the study show that patients with CP of various etiologies and patients with severe EPI who underwent specific intervention on the pancreas have intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, the severity of which is significantly influenced by the degree of EPI

The Holocene Black Sea reconnection to the Mediterranean Sea: New insights from the northeastern Caucasian shelf

Recent findings about the evolution of palaeogeographic conditions of the Black Sea during the Holocene have significantly improved our understanding of the profound environmental changes that took place around 9 ka ago, when the Neoeuxinian Lake reconnected to the global ocean. In contrast to the western and southeastern regions where numerous studies have been recently performed, the northeast region remains relatively under investigated. We carried out the first multi-proxy continuous study of a sediment core (Ak-2575) from the northeastern Black Sea shelf that includes benthic calcareous fossils (ostracods, molluscs and foraminifers), dinoflagellate cysts (dinocysts) and sedimentology, thus providing reconstructions of surface and bottom-water conditions. The age model of the core is based on 10 AMS-14C dates. Calibrated ages are used throughout the manuscript. The first appearance of Mediterranean elements is documented at 9.6 cal. ka BP. Our data provide evidence of sustained cohabitation of benthic species of Caspian and Mediterranean origins, represented by different ontogenetic stages, from at least ~ 7.8 (or even 8.8) to 6.7 cal. ka BP with the gradual disappearance of brackish species suggesting a gradual increase in salinity and most likely a change in the salt composition. Dinocyst assemblages show species succession that is coherent across the Black Sea basin, with brackish taxa dominating until ~ 8.5 cal. ka BP and being slowly replaced by euryhaline species. The occurrences of authigenic gypsum crystals, especially abundant at ~ 7.4 and 6.5 cal. ka BP, suggest the temporal appearance of hydrogen sulphide at the shelf edge which during certain periods appears to reduce the abundance of benthic fauna