19 research outputs found

    Clinical Chorioamnionitis and Neurodevelopment at 5 Years of Age in Children Born Preterm: The EPIPAGE-2 Cohort Study.

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    OBJECTIVE To assess the association between clinical chorioamnionitis and neurodevelopmental disorders at 5 years of age in children born preterm. STUDY DESIGN EPIPAGE 2 is a national, population-based cohort study of children born before 35 weeks of gestation in France in 2011. We included infants born alive between 24+0 and 34+6 weeks following preterm labor (PTL) or preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Clinical chorioamnionitis was defined as maternal fever before labor (>37.8°C) with at least two of the following criteria: maternal tachycardia, hyperleukocytosis, uterine contractions, purulent amniotic fluid, or fetal tachycardia. The primary outcome was a composite including cerebral palsy, coordination disorders, cognitive disorders, sensory disorders, or behavioral disorders. We also analyzed each of these disorders separately as secondary outcomes. We performed a multivariable analysis using logistic regression models. We accounted for the non-independence of twins and missing data by generalized estimating equation models and multiple imputations, respectively. RESULTS Among 2927 children alive at 5 years of age, 124 (3%) were born in a context of clinical chorioamnionitis. Overall, 8.2% and 9.6% of children exposed and unexposed respectively to clinical chorioamnionitis had moderate-to-severe neurodevelopmental disorders. After multiple imputations and multivariable analysis, clinical chorioamnionitis was not associated with the occurrence of moderate-to-severe neurodevelopmental disorders (adjusted odds ratio = 0.9, 95%CI: 0.5-1.8). CONCLUSION We did not find any association between clinical chorioamnionitis and neurodevelopmental disorders at 5 years of age in children born before 35 weeks of gestation after PTL or PPROM

    Late-onset sepsis in very preterm infants : role of cause of preterm birth and of early antibiotic exposure

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    Les infections nĂ©onatales tardives sont des infections qui surviennent aprĂšs 72 heures de vie chez les nouveau-nĂ©s. Elles touchent 10 Ă  30% des enfants grands prĂ©maturĂ©s, c’est Ă  dire nĂ©s avant 32 semaines d’amĂ©norrhĂ©e. Elles sont responsables d’une mortalitĂ© Ă©levĂ©e et elles pourraient Ă©galement avoir des consĂ©quences Ă  plus long terme en augmentant le risque de survenue de troubles du neuro-dĂ©veloppement. Certains facteurs de risque d’infection nĂ©onatale tardive sont bien identifiĂ©s, tels que le faible Ăąge gestationnel de naissance et le petit poids de naissance. En revanche, le rĂŽle des facteurs pĂ©rinataux dans la survenue des infections nĂ©onatales tardives a Ă©tĂ© peu Ă©tudiĂ©. L’objectif de cette thĂšse Ă©tait d’étudier l’association entre les facteurs de risque potentiels de la pĂ©riode pĂ©rinatale, en particulier la cause de prĂ©maturitĂ© et les antibiothĂ©rapies nĂ©onatales prĂ©coces, et les infections nĂ©onatales tardives chez les enfants nĂ©s grands prĂ©maturĂ©s. Nous avons utilisĂ© les donnĂ©es de la cohorte française en population EPIPAGE 2 qui a inclus toutes les naissances entre 22 et 34 semaines d’amĂ©norrhĂ©e en 2011. Nous avons tout d’abord mis en Ă©vidence une association entre la cause de prĂ©maturitĂ© et les infections nĂ©onatales tardives. Les enfants nĂ©s dans un contexte de pathologie hypertensive maternelle et/ou de retard de croissance intra-utĂ©rin prĂ©sentaient un risque augmentĂ© d’infection nĂ©onatale tardive par rapport aux enfants nĂ©s aprĂšs mise en travail spontanĂ©. En revanche, il n’y avait pas de diffĂ©rence pour les enfants nĂ©s dans un contexte de rupture prĂ©maturĂ©e des membranes avant terme ou d’hĂ©matome rĂ©tro-placentaire. Nous nous sommes ensuite intĂ©ressĂ©s aux antibiothĂ©rapies nĂ©onatales prĂ©coces, administrĂ©es prĂ©cocĂ©ment (J0 ou J1 de vie) Ă  une population d’enfants nĂ©s grands prĂ©maturĂ©s ne prĂ©sentant pas de facteur de risque d’infection prĂ©coce. Nous avons montrĂ© que ces antibiothĂ©rapies Ă©taient instaurĂ©es Ă  des enfants avec des prĂ©sentations cliniques initiales plus sĂ©vĂšres. L’antibiothĂ©rapie prĂ©coce n’était pas associĂ©e Ă  une augmentation du risque de dĂ©cĂšs, d’infection nĂ©onatale tardive ou d’entĂ©rocolite ulcĂ©ro-nĂ©crosante, mais elle Ă©tait associĂ©e Ă  un risque augmentĂ© de lĂ©sions cĂ©rĂ©brales sĂ©vĂšres et de dysplasie broncho-pulmonaire, ce qui persistait aprĂšs prise en compte de l’état clinique Ă  l’instauration du traitement. En conclusion, ces rĂ©sultats apportent de nouveaux arguments pour une meilleure individualisation de la prise en charge des grands prĂ©maturĂ©s, en ne tenant plus compte seulement de l’ñge gestationnel et du poids de naissance, mais Ă©galement du contexte de la naissance prĂ©maturĂ©e.Late-onset sepsis (LOS) occurs in newborns after 72 hours of life. LOS affects 10 to 30% of very premature babies, i.e. those born before 32 weeks of gestation. It is associated with a high risk of mortality and could also have longer-term consequences by increasing the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Some late-onset sepsis risk factors are well identified, such as low gestational age at birth and low birth weight. However, the role of perinatal factors in the occurrence of LOS has received little attention. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the association between potential risk factors in the perinatal period, in particular the cause of preterm birth and early neonatal antibiotic treatment, and late-onset sepsis in very preterm infants. We used data from the French population-based EPIPAGE 2 cohort, which included all births between 22 and 34 weeks of gestation in 2011. We began by underlining an association between the cause of preterm birth and late-onset sepsis. Neonates born in a context of maternal hypertensive disorders or intrauterine growth retardation had an increased risk of late-onset sepsis compared to neonates born after preterm labor. In contrast, there was no difference with neonates born after preterm premature rupture of membranes or after placental abruption. We then looked at early neonatal antibiotic treatment, administered at Day 0 or Day 1 of life in a population of very preterm infants with no risk factor for early infection. We showed that these antibiotic treatments were initiated in neonates with more severe initial clinical presentations. In this study, early antibiotic treatment was not associated with an increased risk of death, late-onset sepsis, or necrotizing enterocolitis, but was associated with an increased risk of severe cerebral lesions and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. In conclusion, our results provide new arguments for the individualization of the management of very preterm infants, by not only focusing on gestational age and birth weight, but by also taking into account the context of the prematurity

    Les infections nĂ©onatales tardives chez les enfants nĂ©s grands prĂ©maturĂ©s : rĂŽle de la cause de prĂ©maturitĂ© et de l’exposition prĂ©coce aux antibiotiques

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    Late-onset sepsis (LOS) occurs in newborns after 72 hours of life. LOS affects 10 to 30% of very premature babies, i.e. those born before 32 weeks of gestation. It is associated with a high risk of mortality and could also have longer-term consequences by increasing the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Some late-onset sepsis risk factors are well identified, such as low gestational age at birth and low birth weight. However, the role of perinatal factors in the occurrence of LOS has received little attention. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the association between potential risk factors in the perinatal period, in particular the cause of preterm birth and early neonatal antibiotic treatment, and late-onset sepsis in very preterm infants. We used data from the French population-based EPIPAGE 2 cohort, which included all births between 22 and 34 weeks of gestation in 2011. We began by underlining an association between the cause of preterm birth and late-onset sepsis. Neonates born in a context of maternal hypertensive disorders or intrauterine growth retardation had an increased risk of late-onset sepsis compared to neonates born after preterm labor. In contrast, there was no difference with neonates born after preterm premature rupture of membranes or after placental abruption. We then looked at early neonatal antibiotic treatment, administered at Day 0 or Day 1 of life in a population of very preterm infants with no risk factor for early infection. We showed that these antibiotic treatments were initiated in neonates with more severe initial clinical presentations. In this study, early antibiotic treatment was not associated with an increased risk of death, late-onset sepsis, or necrotizing enterocolitis, but was associated with an increased risk of severe cerebral lesions and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. In conclusion, our results provide new arguments for the individualization of the management of very preterm infants, by not only focusing on gestational age and birth weight, but by also taking into account the context of the prematurity.Les infections nĂ©onatales tardives sont des infections qui surviennent aprĂšs 72 heures de vie chez les nouveau-nĂ©s. Elles touchent 10 Ă  30% des enfants grands prĂ©maturĂ©s, c’est Ă  dire nĂ©s avant 32 semaines d’amĂ©norrhĂ©e. Elles sont responsables d’une mortalitĂ© Ă©levĂ©e et elles pourraient Ă©galement avoir des consĂ©quences Ă  plus long terme en augmentant le risque de survenue de troubles du neuro-dĂ©veloppement. Certains facteurs de risque d’infection nĂ©onatale tardive sont bien identifiĂ©s, tels que le faible Ăąge gestationnel de naissance et le petit poids de naissance. En revanche, le rĂŽle des facteurs pĂ©rinataux dans la survenue des infections nĂ©onatales tardives a Ă©tĂ© peu Ă©tudiĂ©. L’objectif de cette thĂšse Ă©tait d’étudier l’association entre les facteurs de risque potentiels de la pĂ©riode pĂ©rinatale, en particulier la cause de prĂ©maturitĂ© et les antibiothĂ©rapies nĂ©onatales prĂ©coces, et les infections nĂ©onatales tardives chez les enfants nĂ©s grands prĂ©maturĂ©s. Nous avons utilisĂ© les donnĂ©es de la cohorte française en population EPIPAGE 2 qui a inclus toutes les naissances entre 22 et 34 semaines d’amĂ©norrhĂ©e en 2011. Nous avons tout d’abord mis en Ă©vidence une association entre la cause de prĂ©maturitĂ© et les infections nĂ©onatales tardives. Les enfants nĂ©s dans un contexte de pathologie hypertensive maternelle et/ou de retard de croissance intra-utĂ©rin prĂ©sentaient un risque augmentĂ© d’infection nĂ©onatale tardive par rapport aux enfants nĂ©s aprĂšs mise en travail spontanĂ©. En revanche, il n’y avait pas de diffĂ©rence pour les enfants nĂ©s dans un contexte de rupture prĂ©maturĂ©e des membranes avant terme ou d’hĂ©matome rĂ©tro-placentaire. Nous nous sommes ensuite intĂ©ressĂ©s aux antibiothĂ©rapies nĂ©onatales prĂ©coces, administrĂ©es prĂ©cocĂ©ment (J0 ou J1 de vie) Ă  une population d’enfants nĂ©s grands prĂ©maturĂ©s ne prĂ©sentant pas de facteur de risque d’infection prĂ©coce. Nous avons montrĂ© que ces antibiothĂ©rapies Ă©taient instaurĂ©es Ă  des enfants avec des prĂ©sentations cliniques initiales plus sĂ©vĂšres. L’antibiothĂ©rapie prĂ©coce n’était pas associĂ©e Ă  une augmentation du risque de dĂ©cĂšs, d’infection nĂ©onatale tardive ou d’entĂ©rocolite ulcĂ©ro-nĂ©crosante, mais elle Ă©tait associĂ©e Ă  un risque augmentĂ© de lĂ©sions cĂ©rĂ©brales sĂ©vĂšres et de dysplasie broncho-pulmonaire, ce qui persistait aprĂšs prise en compte de l’état clinique Ă  l’instauration du traitement. En conclusion, ces rĂ©sultats apportent de nouveaux arguments pour une meilleure individualisation de la prise en charge des grands prĂ©maturĂ©s, en ne tenant plus compte seulement de l’ñge gestationnel et du poids de naissance, mais Ă©galement du contexte de la naissance prĂ©maturĂ©e

    Practices and attitudes about delayed umbilical cord clamping for term infants: a descriptive survey among midwives

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    The aim of this study was to assess variations in midwives’ practices of cord clamping (early versus delayed) and to identify factors potentially associated with delayed clamping. This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey by self-administered online questionnaire among French midwives working in delivery rooms from March to July 2018. We obtained complete responses from 350 midwives. Only 120 (34.3%) reported always or sometimes performing delayed cord clamping at one minute or more after birth. Delayed cord clamping was significantly associated with midwives' experience (adjusted OR 3.99; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.10, 7.83 for experience >10 years), maternity unit written protocol (adjusted OR (aOR) 5.17; 95% CI 1.88, 16.00), knowledge of guidelines (aOR 3.33; 95% CI 1.98, 5.71) and neonatal care level 1 (aOR 2.95; 95% CI 1.53, 5.78).Impact Statement What is already know on this subject? Despite benefits and the safety of delayed cord clamping, many newborns likely had their umbilical cords clamped immediately after delivery as part of routine care or because providers were not convinced of the benefits of delayed clamping. What do the results of this study add? Most of the midwives surveyed did not systematically delay cord clamping. Individual and organisational factors were associated with adherence to guidelines regarding delayed cord clamping. What are the implications of these findings for clinical and/or further research? A protocol should be implemented in every maternity unit with information about the benefits and risks of delayed cord clamping to reduce variations in practice and improve the safety of care

    Infections néonatales bactériennes précoces et tardives

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    International audienceLes infections sont une pathologie frĂ©quente de la pĂ©riode nĂ©onatale, touchant entre 1 et 5 % des nouveau-nĂ©s. La mortalitĂ© de ces infections nĂ©onatales reste prĂ©occupante malgrĂ© les progrĂšs en nĂ©onatologie. Les consĂ©quences des infections sont possibles Ă  court terme mais aussi Ă  long terme, avec notamment des troubles du neurodĂ©veloppement. Les caractĂ©ristiques et les consĂ©quences des infections nĂ©onatales varient selon leur caractĂšre prĂ©coce (dans les 3 premiers jours de vie) ou tardif (entre le 3e et le 28e jour de vie) et selon le terrain sur lequel elles surviennent (nouveau-nĂ© Ă  terme ou prĂ©maturĂ© notamment). Le diagnostic des infections nĂ©onatales est difficile en raison des signes cliniques aspĂ©cifiques. L’identification d’une bactĂ©rie dans le sang ou le liquide cĂ©rĂ©brospinal permet d’affirmer le diagnostic. Les infections nĂ©onatales bactĂ©riennes prĂ©coces sont majoritairement liĂ©es au streptocoque du groupe B et Ă  Escherichia coli. Les infections nĂ©onatales bactĂ©riennes tardives sont Ă  distinguer selon deux cadres nosologiques : les infections communautaires et les infections associĂ©es aux soins, frĂ©quentes chez les nouveau-nĂ©s prĂ©maturĂ©s

    Late-onset sepsis due to Salmonella Typhi in a preterm infant in a French neonatal unit

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    International audienceWe report a case of late-onset sepsis caused by Salmonella Typhi in a one-month old preterm infant hospitalised in our neonatal unit. An investigation of the index case was undertaken to identify the source of contamination. The patient made a complete recovery

    Antibiotic prophylaxis in preterm premature rupture of membranes at 24-31 weeks' gestation : perinatal and 2-year outcomes in the EPIPAGE-2 cohort

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    Objective: To compare different antibiotic prophylaxis administered after preterm premature rupture of membranes to determine whether any were associated with differences in obstetric and/or neonatal outcomes and/or neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years of corrected age. Design: Prospective, nationwide, population-based EPIPAGE-2 cohort study of preterm infants. Setting: France, 2011. Sample: We included 492 women with a singleton pregnancy and a diagnosis of preterm premature rupture of membranes at 24-31 weeks. Exclusion criteria were contraindication to expectant management or indication for antibiotic therapy other than preterm premature rupture of membranes. Antibiotic prophylaxis was categorised as amoxicillin (n = 345), macrolide (n = 30), third-generation cephalosporin (n = 45) or any combinations covering Streptococcus agalactiae and &gt;90% of Escherichia coli (n = 72), initiated within 24 hours after preterm premature rupture of membranes. Methods: Population-averaged robust Poisson models. Main outcome measures: Survival at discharge without severe neonatal morbidity, 2-year neurodevelopment. Results: With amoxicillin, macrolide, third-generation cephalosporin and combinations, 78.5%, 83.9%, 93.6% and 86.0% of neonates were discharged alive without severe morbidity. The administration of third-generation cephalosporin or any E. coli-targeting combinations was associated with improved survival without severe morbidity (adjusted risk ratio 1.25 [95% confidence interval 1.08-1.45] and 1.10 [95 % confidence interval 1.01-1.20], respectively) compared with amoxicillin. We evidenced no increase in neonatal sepsis related to third-generation cephalosporin-resistant pathogen. Conclusion: In preterm premature rupture of membranes at 24-31 weeks, antibiotic prophylaxis based on third-generation cephalosporin may be associated with improved survival without severe neonatal morbidity when compared with amoxicillin, with no evidence of increase in neonatal sepsis related to third-generation cephalosporin-resistant pathogen. Tweetable abstract: Antibiotic prophylaxis after PPROM at 24-31 weeks: 3rd-generation cephalosporins associated with improved neonatal outcomes.</p
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