Fabricación de microdispositivos de magneto-impedancia por fotolitografía

La magneto-impedancia (MI) es el cambio de la impedancia que sufre un conductor ferromagnético blando ante los cambios de un campo magnético externo. En este trabajo se han fabricado dos conjuntos de sensores basados en el efecto de la MI formados por una muestra magnética y una microbobina que la rodea. Se han utilizado técnicas de fabricación típicas de la industria microelectrónica: fotolitografía y deposición por sputtering. Se ha hecho un estudio de la posibilidad de utilizar dos materiales (óxido de silicio y germanio) como aislante entre la muestra magnética y la bobina. Finalmente se ha caracterizado la magneto-impedancia de los dispositivos fabricados

El ciclo mitológico de Baal. : Nuevas perspectivas de interpretación

In this paper three recent approaches to the Baal Cycle are singled out as landmarks in current understanding of the central element of Ugaritic mythology: a grammatical review of the whole Cycle from the aspect of discourse analysis; an understanding of the political implications of the relationships between Baal's kingship and the actual kingship of Ugarit; an interpretation of Anat's role as a fertility goddess and the rather crude manner in which it was carried out in this connectio

I Would Rather Not Lie

The man shakes her hand. The woman takes a seat in front of him while placing her purse between her legs and leaving her heels exposed in her flat hoes. The man looks at her from over his glasses

Orígenes y desarrollo de la institución sinagogal

The antecedents of synagogal worship are evident in the functions of the Jerusalem Temple (sacrifice, instruction, prayer) and of its priesthood as the custodian of the Word of God presented to Israel on Sinai (The Tablets of the Law). However, the actual birth of the synagogue appears in its close relationship with the formation of the Bible as the definitive collection of divine words and the testimony of God’s presence among his people. The new “Cult of the Word” (through reading and study) was born from this new religious situation, superseding the ancient sacrificial cult and developing a novel form of its cultic instruction and prayer

El Judaisme

Després d'una breu digressió sobre els orígens del judaisme, l'autor centra l'atenció en l'anomenat judaisme normatiu i en les formes específiques que prengué al llarg dels segles fins als temps moderns. Malgrat que tota consideració de l'evolució del judaisme implica un cert grau de perspectivisme històric, l'article aborda el judaisme des d'un punt de vista clarament sincrònic, tot donant per sobreentès que la religió jueva és quelcom consolidat definitivament i assajant de determinar les seves estructures ideològiques i funcionals bàsiques. L'article examina els principals corrents religiosos que coexisteixen a l'interior del judaisme actualment i les dificultats que hi ha per a determinar-ne l'ortodòxia en alguns casos. L'existència de l'estat d'Israel ha posat encara més de manifest llurs diferències, a causa de la implicació de cada un d'aquests moviments en la realització del projecte polític de la nació jueva.Judaism From the point of view of the history of religions, Judaism may be considered to be another name for Jewish religion, although Judaism is, both in itself and in its historical unfolding, more than a religion. After a short excursus on the origins of Judaism, attention is focused on the so-called normative Judaism and subsequently on the specific forms that it took throughout the centuries and in modern times. Despite the fact that the evolution of Judaism implies to a certain degree some historical perspectivism, the article approaches Judaism from an avowedly synchronic point of view, taking for granted that the Jewish religion is something definitely consolidated and trying to determine its main ideological and functional structures. Historically Judaism is closely connected with the biblical religion as its normative frame of reference that provides it with the idea of God and its concomitant theological categories. Regarding the religious praxis and the social configuration of the religion imposed by historical circumstances, Judaism diverges a great deal from the biblical frame, to such an extent that one may even speak of two different religious magnitudes. The article shows the main lines of the biblical heritage and deals with the tension arising between an ancient tradition, which is accepted as normative and is condensed in a text (the Bible), and the need to adjust that tradition to new historical circumstances, which are also reflected in a text (the Talmud). The basic elements of normative Judaism are described in their three main aspects — faith, religious practice and ethics. Since their first polemical contacts with other religions, Jews felt the urgent need to search after the specific nature of their religious personality. The Bible afforded them a «narrative» vision of God, which, although valid in the beginning, had to be confronted with the analytical discourse of the Greek civilization and its heirs. This unavoidably reductive search for the «essence», which is at the same time a clear way to self-assertion, has always been accompanied by a no less inevitable need to develop and to make explicit their own religious tradition. This is, as it were, the ideological task that Jewish theologians carried out in the Middle Ages and Jewish philosophers have addressed in modern times.The most characteristic element of all religions is their system of rites. Here Judaism clearly differs from the biblical religion. In the biblical period the place of worship was basically the Temple, while postbiblical Judaism generated a new space for its new liturgy — the synagogue. The synagogue service is divided into a permanent (daily or weekly) system of rites and another one for festivals. Public prayer at the synagogue takes place three times a day — in the morning, in the afternoon, and in the evening; they correspond to the sacrifices in the Temple. The Sabbath, which is an anthropological space devoted to historical memory and man's inner liberation, as well as an access to divine «rest», became a distinctive element of Judaism as a religion (together with the service in the synagogue and circumcision) starting from the time of Ezra's reformation.Even though the whole liturgical organization is based on the biblical tradition, it was subsequently developed or supplemented by the rabbinical tradition. The written Law and the oral Law shaped the code of Judaism and had the same value as revelation, i.e., as God's word. Both are considered by orthodox Judaism as one single expression of divine will, containing the principles that should govern the behaviour of Jews. The observance and the interpretation of the Law have always been a basic concern in the religious thought of Judaism, much more than theological speculation. Judaism is thus an ethic, in which the concern for man, his dignity and his happiness play a central role, but an ethic that is religious in its origin. On the other hand, the Torah regulates the human sphere of the family; this fact is of fundamental importance in a religion such as Judaism, deprived of all political support for centuries. In the bosom of the Jewish family the contents of its historical faith are commemorated and transmitted in home liturgies. Finally the article examines the major religious trends within Judaism in our time and the difficulty to determine their orthodoxy in some cases. The existence of the State of Israel has made their differences more apparent, owing to the involvement of each religious movement in the fulfilment of the political project of the Jewish nation

El ciclo mitológico de Baal. Nuevas perspectivas de interpretación

In this paper three recent approaches to the Baal Cycle are singled out as landmarks in current understanding of the central element of Ugaritic mythology: a grammatical review of the whole Cycle from the aspect of discourse analysis; an understanding of the political implications of the relationships between Baal's kingship and the actual kingship of Ugarit; an interpretation of Anat’s role as a fertility goddess and the rather crude manner in which it was carried out in this connection

Job. Problem and solution

The Biblical Book of Job puts forward a situation that has from long worried the faithful people: how can the good God allow the suffering of an innocent man? The problem had already received full attention in Old Babylonian wisdom literature that is analysed in the paper as hypotext of the biblical book as far as argument and literary form. Both are afterwards described in detail, enhancing the particular way of dealing with the problem of the biblical book and its significance as a literary scenic composition. Finally three modern literary works that take up thebiblical topic as hipertext are briefly analysed as witnesses of its permanent actuality.The Biblical Book of Job puts forward a situation that has from long worried the faithful people: how can the good God allow the suffering of an innocent man? The problem had already received full attention in Old Babylonian wisdom literature that is analysed in the paper as hypotext of the biblical book as far as argument and literary form. Both are afterwards described in detail, enhancing the particular way of dealing with the problem of the biblical book and its significance as a literary scenic composition. Finally three modern literary works that take up thebiblical topic as hipertext are briefly analysed as witnesses of its permanent actuality.The Biblical Book of Job puts forward a situation that has from long worried the faithful people: how can the good God allow the suffering of an innocent man? The problem had already received full attention in Old Babylonian wisdom literature that is analysed in the paper as hypotext of the biblical book as far as argument and literary form. Both are afterwards described in detail, enhancing the particular way of dealing with the problem of the biblical book and its significance as a literary scenic composition. Finally three modern literary works that take up thebiblical topic as hipertext are briefly analysed as witnesses of its permanent actuality

Simmering

“Su txikian” [“Simmering”] by Uxue Alberdi was published in 2013 as one of the stories in her book Euli Giro [A Sense of Chagrin]. As Alberdi states, “The source of inspiration for this story was an article I had read about an eighty-year-old married couple from Pamplona who had been found in their car parked in the garage after having committed suicide. Simmering” is a response to the shock the news provoked in me […]. On the one hand, I wanted to hold onto the stereotype of the Basque grandmother. It is not typical to imagine an eighty-year-old Basque woman as a writer or someone engaged in intellectual discourse. Traditionally, our grandmothers have been portrayed as devoted caregivers, and we have emphasized their sweet character. On the other hand, I intended to write in a lively, ironic, and twisted way about an elderly woman who has her own interests and ambitions. It is also a humorous \u27defense\u27 of the mediocre housewife. After all, she escapes death because of her poor housewife skills: because she burnt her lentil soup. But at the end of the story, we realize that it all could have been just a scheme to get rid of her husband. There is a great deal of ambiguity in this story and it is within this ambiguity that I imagine a homicidal wife, an ambitious writer, a loving wife, a scatterbrained housewife…

Job : problema y solución

The Biblical Book of Job puts forward a situation that has from long worried the faithful people: how can the good God allow the suffering of an innocent man? The problem had already received full attention in Old Babylonian wisdom literature that is analysed in the paper as hypotext of the biblical book as far as argument and literary form. Both are afterwards described in detail, enhancing the particular way of dealing with the problem of the biblical book and its significance as a literary scenic composition. Finally three modern literary works that take up thebiblical topic as hipertext are briefly analysed as witnesses of its permanent actuality