Microplastic Abundance, Distribution and Impacts on Sargassum-Associated Juvenile Fishes in the Gulf of Mexico

Microplastics are a concern in marine environments because they are highly durable, ubiquitous, and can be mistaken for food and ingested by small organisms. Pelagic Sargassum, an important habitat for larval and juvenile stages of many fish species, is found in large surface aggregations, and may provide complex structure in which microplastics become trapped. This could lead to greater risk of microplastic ingestion by fish early life stages associated with Sargassum habitats. To better understand the impacts of microplastics within Sargassum communities, this study examined 1) microplastic concentrations and ingestion by juvenile fishes associated with Sargassum; 2) the microbial communities associated with the Sargassum and microplastics; and 3) the influence of microplastic ingestion on the microbiomes of juvenile Gray Triggerfish. Neuston net samples were collected in 2017 and 2018 from open water and Sargassum habitats in the Gulf of Mexico to collect microplastics and fishes. Microplastic abundance was significantly higher in Sargassum habitats relative to open water habitats. Microplastics were identified in the stomach contents of many species of juvenile fishes with total microplastic frequency of occurrence ranging between 14.7-24.7%. Microplastics had a unique microbiome when compared to the surrounding environment. The microplastic microbiome was found to influence Gray Triggerfish gut microbiomes. The results from this project demonstrate that microplastics are being ingested by juvenile fishes in Sargassum and the unique microbiome of microplastics are influencing fish gut microbiomes

Microdebris Abundance, Distribution, and Ingestion by Sargassum-Associated Juvenile Fishes in the Gulf of Mexico

Holopelagic Sargassum is a critical nursery habitat for the early life stages of many marine fishes, including several federally managed species in the United States and Caribbean. Sargassum is often aggregated along surface convergence features where microdebris (synthetic, semi—synthetic, and naturally—derived particles size) have also been found in relatively high concentrations. In this study, we collected microdebris from Sargassum and adjacent open water habitats (in 2018), and juvenile fishes from Sargassum (in 2017 and 2018) in the northern Gulf of Mexico to quantify habitat—specific microdebris concentrations and the degree to which Sargassum—associated juvenile fishes ingest microdebris. Microdebris concentrations within Sargassum habitats were, on average, 180 times greater than those found within adjacent open water habitats. Microdebris concentrations decreased with distance from shore in both Sargassum and open water habitats, and generally increased with Sargassum biomass. Microdebris ingestion by juvenile (9–320 mm SL) fishes (n = 846) varied by year (all taxa: 24.7% in 2017; 14.7% in 2018) and by taxa, and generally decreased with distance from shore. Small fibers were the dominant type of microdebris observed in stomach contents. The structural complexity of Sargassum provides a mechanism for microdebris capture and concentration in surface waters. Since 2011, massive blooms of Sargassum have inundated regions in the central Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea. The role of Sargassum as a microdebris “sink” has major implications for the transport of microdebris as Sargassum drifts within and across basins and eventually strands on beaches and coastal habitats, or subsides to benthic environments