Electronic Data Processing in Washington’s Schools: A Status Study

It was the purpose of this study (1) to learn what jobs the largest school districts in Washington were doing on EDP; (2) to learn what equipment was being used in doing those jobs; (3) to learn what EDP was costing the districts who were using it; and (4) to answer other questions which might be of interest to school districts considering the utilization of EDP

Problem A: Characteristics of Marshall County Beef Producers and Their Farms; Problem B: Management Practices of Marshall County Beef Producers; Problem C: Factors Influencing Beef Management Practice Adoption by Marshall County Beef Producers

PROBLEM A: CHARACTERISTICS OF MARSHALL COUNTY BEEF PRODUCERS AND THEIR FARMS This study was made in Marshall County, Tennessee, to determine the characteristics of Marshall County Beef producers and their farms. The study was based on a survey-type interview and reflects information for developing a county plan of action. The producers were classified into low, medium, and high groups, depending on the number of pounds of beef sold per cow in 1970. A close analysis indicates that cattlemen interviewed in Marshall County had the following characteristics: (1) 60 percent were considered friendly toward the survey; (2) 58 percent were full-time farmers; (3) 48 percent indicated that beef was their major source of income; (4) the average educational level was 12 years; (5) over one-half were in the 45-54 age group; (6) more than one-half owned Angus cattle, and (7) the average total acreage per farm was 139.7. Comparing the high and low producers, it was found that the average high producer: (1) had 1.7 more formal years of education; (2) owned 79.9 more acres of land; (3) kept 11 more beef cows, and (4) marketed 11.6 more calves. Implications were drawn from the findings concerning their relevance for the Marshall County Agricultural Extension Program. PROBLEM B: MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF MARSHALL COUNTY BEEF PRODUCERS The purpose of this Marshall County survey was to determine which recommended beef production practices were being used by cattlemen in the county. Forty beef producers were interviewed at random and comparative analyses made in reference to pounds of beef sold in 1970 per cow bred. Average management ratings for all practices were computed so that further comparisons could be made. The ratings were given to each cattleman on each of 31 management practices. A close analysis indicated the following regarding management practices: (1) 20 percent of the high producers kept replacement heifers, while the low producers did not keep any (2) 20 percent of the high producers had increased herd size over the previous year as compared to 10 percent for the low producers, and (3) the management level averaged by the high producers was considerably above that of the low producers. More high producers were using other recommended practices, including: (1) waiting until replacement heifers were at least 15 months of age before breeding; (2) using a systematic rotational grazing program; (3) using recommended fly control practices; and (4) using recommended procedures in castration. Other comparisons showed that high producers were doing a better job than low in: (1) keeping bulls whose records met minimum requirement of the breeder\u27s performance tested bull sale; (2) using one or more performance tested bulls; and (3) checking frequently first calf heifers. The cattlemen had an average weaning percent per female bred of 88 percent; high producers reporting 86 percent; medium, 95 percent; and low, 83 percent. Other implications from the study were drawn and educational use of the data was recommended. PROBLEM C: FACTORS INFLUENCING BEEF MANAGEMENT PRACTICE ADOPTION BY MARSHALL COUNTY BEEF PRODUCERS The purpose of this study was to identify some factors influencing beef producers of Marshall County to adopt recommended practices. The forty randomly selected beef producers were interviewed and divided into high, medium, and low production groups according to pounds of beef sold in 1970, per cow bred. Of the things liked most about beef cattle production, the joy of watching cattle grow and the relatively low labor requirement per unit were most often mentioned. Other reasons given were: (1) the efficient use of available pasture, and (2) the relatively good return on investment. The most often mentioned dislike was the relatively slow turnover of money invested. Of all persons from whom advice was sought, County Agents, cattle buyers and local veterinarians were most often used. Eighty-seven percent of the high producers listed County Agents as their main source of information, as compared to 60 percent for the low producers. Among other sources, farm magazines and The University of Tennessee bulletins or publications also were mentioned frequently. These findings, together with those from the two related studies, indicate a basis for development of a useful educational plan for cow-calf producers in Marshall County, Tennessee

The researcher’s view: Context is critical

What are the most important things a 21st-century library should do with its space? Our ideas about future models of the physical library focus on the needs of researchers. Our thinking is informed by our own experiences as both users and directors of library and information services in research institutions, and by debates on future roles for library and information professionals in the network world – a world where automation, digitization and socialization of data, information and knowledge, and disintermediation, are transforming the scholarly landscape. We begin with three reasons why library support for research is a critical issue, and then reflect on the current situation and environmental forces shaping provision for researchers, before setting out our thoughts about future services and spaces for research

Professors and Professionals: On Changing Boundaries

Explores the shifting boundaries between academics and professionals in higher education, identifying three basic types of player, defined by their expertise in an academic area (the “professor”), information organization (the “content professional”), and information technology (the “conduit professional”). Discusses eight examples of hybrid professionals with boundary-spanning roles at the intersections of established specialisms. Suggests three scenarios for the future university library: the electronic library, the self-service library, and the virtual library, representing the preferred models respectively of information specialists, academic faculty, and funding bodies. Describes current pressures for convergence of library and computing services and the many factors influencing decisions made by institutions. Concludes that centrally managed information and technology services will remain the dominant model for the foreseeable future, but with further restructuring and continual regrouping of professional specialists, who will require expanded skill sets including abilities beyond their core competency to deliver effective services in the changing environment

Hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to 4-aminophenol in a fully reusable solvent system, by using Pt, Rh, Pd supported on carbon-CF3COOH catalytic system

4-Aminophenol is an important raw material for several products in the field of dyes, photographs and pharmaceutics. For instance, paracetamol (N-acetyl-4-aminophenol) a widely employed analgesic and antipyretic whose production is in continuous growth specially in the far east region. Industrial synthesis of paracetamol is based mainly on 4-aminophenol, which is obtained by three different routes: i) nucleophilic substitution of the Cl of the 4-chloronitrobenzene, ii) reduction of 4-nitro-phenol, iii) selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene [1]. The selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene is however, the most convenient from both economical and environmental point of view [1, 2]. The major concern of this process is, however, the presence of H2SO4, which is origin of corrosion, safety, environmental and separation problems. The reaction is typically carried out in CSTR in which the biphasic reaction medium is used to accomplish simultaneously the Pt catalyzed hydrogenation of nitrobenzene and the acid catalyzed Bamberger rearrangement of the intermediate N-phenylhydroxylamine. From environmental point of view, the major drawback of the process is the neutralization of the acidic phase, with the consequent by-production of sulfate salts, which are undesired wastes. Starting from recent results obtained in the Beckmann rearrangement of the cyclohexanone oxime in CH3CN-CF3COOH system [3], here we show some findings on the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to 4-aminophenol in a single liquid phase CH3CN-H2O-CF3COOH and in the presence a hydrogenation catalyst. The easy of recovery of solvent and catalysts allows to develop a greener process than that based on the biphasic H2SO4-nitrobenzene syste

High Tunnel Greek Oregano Production in 2008

This report on Greek Oregano\u27s potential as an Iowa niche crop was originally published in the 2008 Annual Progress Reports for the Horticulture Research Station (ISRF 0008-36)

Comfrey as a forage

KEYWORDS: Prickly comfrey, Marvel Quaker comfrey, Quaker comfrey, Russian comfrey, Common comfre