7,701 research outputs found
A comment on "Amplification of endpoint structure for new particle mass measurement at the LHC"
We present a comment on the kinematic variable recently proposed in
"Amplification of endpoint structure for new particle mass measurement at the
LHC". The variable is designed to be applied to models such as R-parity
conserving Supersymmetry (SUSY) when there is pair production of new heavy
particles each of which decays to a single massless visible and a massive
invisible component. It was proposed in "Amplification of endpoint structure
for new particle mass measurement at the LHC" that a measurement of the peak of
the distribution could be used to precisely constrain the masses of
the SUSY particles. We show that when Standard Model backgrounds are included
in simulations, the sensitivity of the variable to the SUSY particle
masses is more seriously impacted for than for other previously
proposed variables.Comment: 5 page
SUSY and Dark Matter Constraints from the LHC
The ability of the LHC to make statements about the dark matter problem is
considered, with a specific focus on supersymmetry. After reviewing the current
strategies for supersymmetry searches at the LHC (in both CMS and ATLAS), some
key ATLAS studies are used to demonstrate how one could establish that SUSY
exists before going on to measure the relic density of a neutralino WIMP
candidate. Finally, the general prospects for success at the LHC are
investigated by looking at different points in the MSSM parameter space.Comment: Talk given at the XLIrst Rencontres de Moriond session devoted to
Electroweak Interactions And Unified Theories in March 2006, to be published
in the associated proceedings. 10 pages, 8 figure
Initial determination of the spins of the gluino and squarks at LHC
In principle particle spins can be measured from their production cross
sections once their mass is approximately known. The method works in practice
because spins are quantized and cross sections depend strongly on spins. It can
be used to determine, for example, the spin of the top quark. Direct
application of this method to supersymmetric theories will have to overcome the
challenge of measuring mass at the LHC, which could require high statistics. In
this article, we propose a method of measuring the spins of the colored
superpatners by combining rate information for several channels and a set of
kinematical variables, without directly measuring their masses. We argue that
such a method could lead to an early determination of the spin of gluino and
squarks. This method can be applied to the measurement of spin of other new
physics particles and more general scenarios.Comment: 23 pages, 8 figures, minor change
Cumulative Effect of the Application of N and P Fertilizers on Soil Total and Labile Concentrations After 12 Cereal Crops on a Black Vertosol
Soil organic carbon is commonly used as a key indicator of sustainability of farming systems due to effects on nutrient availability, structural stability and its central role in soil biotic processes. Trends in total carbon content (CT) and lability of carbon (CL) in soil have been measured in a long-term nitrogen (N) x phosphorus (P) fertiliser experiment in continuous cereal cropping to assess the effect of increasing crop nutrient supply on soil carbon accretion and partitioning. Increasing N supply in each crop by 80 kg/ha or more was effective in creating significantly different total and labile carbon content
A neutron scattering study of the interplay between structure and magnetism in Ba(FeCo)As
Single crystal neutron diffraction is used to investigate the magnetic and
structural phase diagram of the electron doped superconductor
Ba(FeCo)As. Heat capacity and resistivity measurements have
demonstrated that Co doping this system splits the combined antiferromagnetic
and structural transition present in BaFeAs into two distinct
transitions. For =0.025, we find that the upper transition is between the
high-temperature tetragonal and low-temperature orthorhombic structures with
( K) and the antiferromagnetic transition occurs at
K. We find that doping rapidly suppresses the
antiferromagnetism, with antiferromagnetic order disappearing at . However, there is a region of co-existence of antiferromagnetism and
superconductivity. The effect of the antiferromagnetic transition can be seen
in the temperature dependence of the structural Bragg peaks from both neutron
scattering and x-ray diffraction. We infer from this that there is strong
coupling between the antiferromagnetism and the crystal lattice
The stransverse mass, MT2, in special cases
This document describes some special cases in which the stransverse mass,
MT2, may be calculated by non-iterative algorithms. The most notable special
case is that in which the visible particles and the hypothesised invisible
particles are massless -- a situation relevant to its current usage in the
Large Hadron Collider as a discovery variable, and a situation for which no
analytic answer was previously known. We also derive an expression for MT2 in
another set of new (though arguably less interesting) special cases in which
the missing transverse momentum must point parallel or anti parallel to the
visible momentum sum. In addition, we find new derivations for already known
MT2 solutions in a manner that maintains manifest contralinear boost invariance
throughout, providing new insights into old results. Along the way, we stumble
across some unexpected results and make conjectures relating to geometric forms
of M_eff and H_T and their relationship to MT2.Comment: 11 pages, no figures. v2 corrects minor typos. v3 corrects an
incorrect statement in footnote 8 and inserts a missing term in eq (3.9). v4
and v5 correct minor typos spotted by reader
An evaluation of metal removal during wastewater treatment: The potential to achieve more stringent final effluent standards
This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final published article is available from the link below. Copyright @ 2011 Taylor & Francis.Metals are of particular importance in relation to water quality, and concern regarding the impact of these contaminants on biodiversity is being encapsulated within the latest water-related legislation such as the Water Framework Directive in Europe and criteria revisions to the Clean Water Act in the United States. This review undertakes an evaluation of the potential of 2-stage wastewater treatment consisting of primary sedimentation and biological treatment in the form of activated sludge processes, to meet more stringent discharge consents that are likely to be introduced as a consequence. The legislation, sources of metals, and mechanisms responsible for their removal are discussed, to elucidate possible pathways by which the performance of conventional processes may be optimized or enhanced. Improvements in effluent quality, achievable by reducing concentrations of suspended solids or biochemical oxygen demand, may also reduce metal concentrations although meeting possible requirements for the removal of copper my be challenging
Modulation Response of a Long-cavity, Gain-levered Quantum-dot Semiconductor Laser
The gain-lever effect enhances the modulation efficiency of a semiconductor laser when compared to modulating the entire laser. This technique is investigated in a long-cavity multi-section quantum-dot laser where the length of the modulation section is varied to achieve 14:2, 15:1 and 0:16 gain-to-modulation section ratios. In this work, the gain-levered modulation configuration resulted in an increase in modulation efficiency by as much as 16 dB. This investigation also found that the 3-dB modulation bandwidth and modulation efficiency are dependent on the modulation section length of the device, indicating the existence of an optimal gain-to-modulation section ratio. The long cavity length of the multi-section laser yielded a distinctive case where characteristics of both the gain-lever effect and spatial effects are observed in the modulation response. Here, spatial effects within the cavity dominated the small-signal modulation response close to and above the cavity’s free-spectral range frequency, whereas the gain-lever effect influenced the modulation response throughout the entirety of the response
Supersymmetric particle mass measurement with invariant mass correlations
The kinematic end-point technique for measuring the masses of supersymmetric
particles in R-Parity conserving models at hadron colliders is re-examined with
a focus on exploiting additional constraints arising from correlations in
invariant mass observables. The use of such correlations is shown to
potentially resolve the ambiguity in the interpretation of quark+lepton
end-points and enable discrimination between sequential two-body and three-body
lepton-producing decays. The use of these techniques is shown to improve the
SUSY particle mass measurement precision for the SPS1a benchmark model by at
least 20-30% compared to the conventional end-point technique.Comment: 29 pages, 23 .eps figures, JHEP3 style; v2 adds some references and
small clarifications to text; v3 adds some more clarifications to the tex
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