Student price response in higher education: the student demand studies

Journal ArticleWhat happens to enrollments when colleges and universities raise their prices? Who, if anyone, is sent away? What is the net impact of higher prices and reduced enrollments upon institutional financial ledgers? These questions have been investigated in what have come to be called the "student demand studies," the phrase originating in economics as an outgrowth of demand theory

Performance in Private Clubs: Criteria Utilized by Managers

As the first step toward developing performance benchmarks for non profit private clubs, the authors identify the criteria that club managers use to evaluate club performance. Responses from 254 club managers across the US. indicate that all 16 performance criteria included in the survey were utilized to some extent, but the top three were membership satisfaction, quality of services offered, and quality of staff

Pre-Impoundment Water Quality Study for the West Divide Project

Introduction: The U.S. Bureas of Reclamation is currently in the process of evaluating a number of water development projects in Southwest Colorado. As a part of the planning process the Bureasu has conducted a water qualtiy investigation, in cooperations with the UWRL, of the stream segments that will be affected by each project. The data collected in this study were used to evaluate the water quality of each stream segment with respect to various beneficial uses of water (agriculture, raw municipal water supply, protection of the aquatic biota) and will provide a baseline by which to assess the impact of each project. In addition, these data will be used in the process of site location, design and oeprations planning for reservoirs and other project features. This report includes only the results of the West Divide Project. Data were collected for three water quality stations associated with this project: Station #13: West Divide Creek Station #20: Lower Colorado River at Silt, Colorado Station #21: Upper Colorado River at Newcastle, Colorado Water quality data were collected during the period from May, 1977, through August, 1978. One sample was collected and analyzed during each month of the study except during June, 1977, when two samples were collected from some sites. The concentration of 49 water quality constituents was determined for each sample at the UWRL

Pre-Impoundment Water Quality Study for the Mc Elmo Project

Introduction: The U.S. Bureas of Reclamation is currently in the process of evaluating a number of water development projects in Southwest Colorado. As a part of the planning process the Bureasu has conducted a water qualtiy investigation, in cooperations with the UWRL, of the stream segments that will be affected by each project. The data collected in this study were used to evaluate the water quality of each stream segment with respect to various beneficial uses of water (agriculture, raw municipal water supply, protection of the aquatic biota) and will provide a baseline by which to assess the impact of each project. In addition, these data will be used in the process of site location, design and oeprations planning for reservoirs and other project features. This report includes only the results of the water quality study of McElmo Creek, associated with the McElmost Project. Water quality data were collected during the period from May, 1977 through June, 1978. One sample was collected and analyzed during each month of the study except during June, 1977, in which two samples were collected from some sites. The concentration of 49 water qualtiy constituents was determined for each sample received at the UWRL

Pre-Impoundment Water Quality Study for the Dominguez Project

Introduction: The U.S. Bureas of Reclamation is currently in the process of evaluating a number of water development projects in Southwest Colorado. As a part of the planning process the Bureasu has conducted a water qualtiy investigation, in cooperations with the UWRL, of the stream segments that will be affected by each project. The data collected in this study were used to evaluate the water quality of each stream segment with respect to various beneficial uses of water (agriculture, raw municipal water supply, protection of the aquatic biota) and will provide a baseline by which to assess the impact of each project. In addition, these data will be used in the process of site location, design and oeprations planning for reservoirs and other project features. This report includes only the results of the water quality study of stream segments associated with the Dominguez Project. Data were collected for two water quality stations: Station #18: Lower Gunnison River at Whitewater Station # 19: Upper Gunnison River at Dominquez. Water quality data were collected during the period May, 1977, through August, 1978. One sample was collected and analyzed during each month, except during June, 1977, when two samples were collected from some sites. The concentration of 49 water quality constituents was determined for each sample at the UWRL

Pre-Impoundment Water Quality Study for the San Miguel Project

Introduction: Scope of Study: The United State Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) is currently evaluating plans to construct a multipurpose reservoir on the San Miguel River 32 kilometers (20 miles) below Telluride, Colorado. As part of the environmental assessment for this project, the Utah Water Research Laboratory (UWRL) was contracted to conduct an intensive water quality study on the San Miguel River and its tributaries in the vicinity of the project area. In this study water samples were collected during the period from May, 1977, to August, 1978, on a monthly basis from three sites on the San Miguel River and from Leopard Creek. Samples were analyzed for 49 water quality parameters. The data collected during this period were used to evaluate the existing quality of water at each site with respect to various water uses. Project description: The plans for this project had not been finalized at the time of this writing, but a tentative plan is described in a USBR planning report (USBR, 1978). In this plan, the Saltado Damsite was to be located in the San Miguel Canyon 32 km downstream from Telluride, Colorado (Figure 1). The reservoir will have a total capacity of 3.20 x 10^7 m^3 (26,000 A. F.) and a surface area of about 154 hectares (380 acrea). The project will provide 47 z 10^6 m^3 (38,211 A.F.) of water for irrigation and 37 x 10^6 m^3 (30,081 A. F.) for municipal and industrial use per year. In addition to the reservoir, the project will include a nine mile long pipeline to Norwood Hill, a lift station at Norwood Hill and a canal on the Wright\u27s Mesa to conduct water to farmlands. Project features are summarized in Table 1

Pre-Impoundment Water Quality Study for the Mancos Project

Introduction: The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation is currently in the process of evaluating a number of water development projects in Southwest Colorado. As a part of the planning process the Bureau has conducted a water quality investigation, in cooperation with the UWRL, of the stream segments that will be affected by each project. The data collected in this study were used to evaluate the water quality of each stream segment with respect to various beneficial uses of water (agriculture, raw municipal water supply, protection of the aquatic biota) and will provide a baseline by which to assess the impact of each project. in addition, these data will be used in the process of site location, design and operation planning for reservoirs and other project features. This report includes only the results of the water quality study of the Mancos River, associated with the Mancos Project. Water quality data were collected during the period from May, 1977, through August, 1978, One sample was collected and analyzed during each month except during June, 1977, in which two samples were collected from some sites. The concentration of 49 water quality constituents was determined for each sample at the UWRL

Report on the 2013 Rapid Assessment Survey of Marine Species at New England Bays and Harbors

Introduced species (i.e., non-native species that have become established in a new location) have increasingly been recognized as a concern as they have become more prevalent in marine and terrestrial environments (Mooney and Cleland 2001; Simberloff et al. 2005). The ability of introduced species to alter population, community, and ecosystem structure and function, as well as cause significant economic damage is well documented (Carlton 1989, 1996b, 2000; Cohen and Carlton 1995; Cohen et al. 1995; Elton 1958; Meinesz et al. 1993; Occhipinti-Ambrogi and Sheppard 2007; Pimentel et al. 2005; Thresher 2000). The annual economic costs incurred from managing the approximately 50,000 introduced species in the United States alone are estimated to be over $120 billion (Pimentel et al. 2005). Having a monitoring network in place to track new introductions and distributional changes of introduced species is critical for effective management, as these efforts may be more successful when species are detected before they have the chance to become established. A rapid assessment survey is one such method for early detection of introduced species. With rapid assessment surveys, a team of taxonomic experts record and monitor marine species–providing a baseline inventory of native, introduced, and cryptogenic (i.e., unknown origin) species (as defined by Carlton 1996a)–and document range expansions of previously identified species. Since 2000, five rapid assessment surveys have been conducted in New England. These surveys focus on recording species at marinas, which often are in close proximity to transportation vectors (i.e., recreational boats). Species are collected from floating docks and piers because these structures are accessible regardless of the tidal cycle. Another reason for sampling floating docks and other floating structures is that marine introduced species are often found to be more prevalent on artificial surfaces than natural surfaces (Glasby and Connell 2001; Paulay et al. 2002). The primary objectives of these surveys are to: (1) identify native, introduced, and cryptogenic marine species, (2) expand on data collected in past surveys, (3) assess the introduction status and range extensions of documented introduced species, and (4) detect new introductions. This report presents the introduced, cryptogenic, and native species recorded during the 2013 survey

Girls' Activity Levels and Lesson Contexts in Middle School PE: TAAG Baseline

To assess girls' physical activity (PA) in middle school physical education (PE) as it relates to field site, lesson context and location, teacher gender, and class composition