Évaluation des habiletés de vie autonome chez les personnes psychotiques

Ce texte détaille les caractéristiques métrologiques de l'Échelle des habiletés de Vie Autonome (EHVA) mesurant les habiletés requises chez des personnes psychotiques, pour fonctionner de façon autonome au sein de la communauté. Ce questionnaire, qui comprend 65 items répartis en dix échelles d'habiletés, a été administré à 276 personnes psychotiques. Les résultats indiquent que, dans l'ensemble, la fidélité de cet instrument est bonne, mesurée par l'accord interjuges et les coefficients alpha. Trois des 10 échelles, soit les échelles Déplacement, Recherche d'emploi et Maintien de l'emploi, n'ont pu être conservées dans la version finale. Les quatre aspects de la validité examinés dans cette étude se révèlent très satisfaisants; il s'agit du degré de convergence entre l'évaluation faite par les participants eux-mêmes et par un membre du personnel soignant, des analyses discriminantes, des corrélations convergentes-divergentes avec d'autres instruments de mesure du fonctionnement psychosocial et de l'analyse factorielle exploratoire. Après ces analyses, la version finale de l'EHVA comprend 48 items répartis sous sept échelles. La discussion fait ressortir les qualités psychométriques d'un tel instrument en langue française et suggère des pistes de recherche pour poursuivre le développement de l'EHVA.This article studies in detail the metrological characteristics of the "Autonomous Life Skills Test" ("Echelle des Habiletés de Vie Autonome" or "EHVA") which measures the skills required of psychotic patients to function on their own in the community. The questionnaire, distributed to 276 psychotic patients, made use of 10 parameters of skills broken down into 65 items. Results show that, overall, this instrument is quite reliable, as measured by the inter-rater reliability and alpha coefficients. Three of the ten parameters, namely Mobility, Employment Search and Employment Holding, were not retained in the final version. The four validity aspects were found to be very satisfactory, namely the degree of convergence between the participant's self-evaluation and the evaluation provided by healthcare personnel, (discriminating analysis), convergent-divergent correlations with other instruments measuring psychosocial functioning and the exploratory factorial analysis. Following these analysis, the final version of the "EHVA" includes 48 items covering seven parameters. A discussion of results underscores the psychometric qualities of such a French-language instrument and suggests avenues to pursue the development of the "EHVA"

Données récentes d’études scandinaves. Traiter la dépression : une stratégie efficace de prévention du suicide?

Cet article vise à éclairer les planificateurs en santé publique, le personnel clinique et les intervenants en prévention du suicide au Québec ainsi que les familles et le public francophone à propos de récentes études sur le traitement de la dépression comme stratégie de prévention du suicide. Les auteurs en résument les conclusions, passent en revue les méthodes et examinent les résultats dans une perspective de santé publique visant à établir une stratégie efficace de prévention. Ils soulignent que le traitement de la dépression pourrait non seulement réduire les taux de suicide mais avoir des effets importants sur la santé publique en réduisant les incapacités liées à la dépression, en plus d'avoir un impact sur les futures générations à risque. Les obstacles au développement d'une telle stratégie sont soulignés en référence spécifique à la situation du Québec.Treating depression is an effective population suicide prevention strategy: recent evidence from Scandinavian studies This article's objective is to signal to the Quebec and the francophone audience of public planners and decision makers, clinical and suicide prevention workers, staff, relatives as well as the public of these recent breakthrough findings that provides strong evidence now that increasing the treatment of depression is an effective suicide prevention strategy. The article summarizes the evidence published recently and then critically reviews the methods and if the evidence fits within a complete public health perspective demonstration of an effective suicide prevention strategy. It highlights that the treatment of depression may not only decrease suicide rates but have much more larger public health effects by decreasing the disability associated with depression and have impact on future generations at risk of depression and suicide. The obstacles to developing such nation-wide strategy of increasing the treatment of depression will be highlighted with specific reference to the situation in Quebec.Datos recientes de investigaciones escandinavas. Tratar la depresión: ¿una estragegia eficaz de prevención del suicidio? El artículo quiere alumbrar los planificadores en salud pública, el personal clínico y los intervenantes en prevención del suicidio en Quebec asi que las familias y el público francófono sobre estudios recientes tocando el tratamiento de la depresión como estrategia de prevención del suicidio. Los autores resumen las conclusiones, pasan revista las métodas y examinan los resultados desde una perspectiva de salud pública con objeto de establecer una estrategia eficaz de prevención. Subrayan que el tratamiento de la depresión podria no solamente reducir las tasas del suicidio pero tener efectos importantes sobre la salud pública reduciendo las incapacidades ligadas a la depresión y además tener un impacto sobre generaciones futuras a riesgo. Los obstáculos al desarrollo de tal estrategia estan subrayados con referencia específica a la situación del Québec.Dados recentes de estudos escandinavos. Tratar a depressão: uma estratégia eficaz de prevenção contra o suicídio? Este artigo visa informar os promotores em saúde pública, os funcionários clínicos e os assistentes em prevenção contra o suicídio no Quebec, e também as famílias e o público francófono a respeito dos estudos recentes sobre o tratamento da depressão como estratégia na prevenção contra o suicídio. Os autores resumem aqui as conclusões, analisam os métodos e examinam os resultados em uma perspectiva de saúde pública visando estabelecer uma estratégia eficaz de prevenção. Eles ressaltam que o tratamento da depressão poderia, não apenas diminuir a taxa de suicídio, mas ter efeitos importantes na saúde pública, reduzindo a incapacidade ligada à depressão, além de ter um impacto nas futuras gerações em risco. Os obstáculos ao desenvolvimento de tal estratégia são ressaltados fazendo referência específica à situação do Quebec

Le suicide chez les jeunes adultes de sexe masculin au Québec : Psychopathologie et utilisation des services médicaux

On a apparié 75 jeunes gens de 18 à 35 ans qui s'étaient suicidés à 75 autres, toujours en vie, en fonction de l'âge, de la résidence, du statut conjugal et professionnel. Pour chacun des groupes, un répondant principal a été interviewé, et les dossiers médicaux ainsi que ceux du coroner ont été examinés afin de reconstituer le profit psychologique des intéressés et leur utilisation des services. À six mois, la prévalence de tous les diagnostics d'axe (selon le DSMIH-R) était de 88,8 % pour le groupe des suicidés et de 37,3 % pour le groupe témoin. Parmi les suicidés, 38,7 % souffraient de dépression majeure, 24 % de dépendance à l'alcool, et 28,7 % aux drogues. La personnalité borderline a été identifiée chez 28% des suicidés contre 4% du groupe témoin. Chez les suicidés, 42,5 % avaient consulté un professionnel de la santé mentale dans l'année précédente, contre 5 % chez les témoins. Cependant, la grande majorité des suicidés (78,5%) avaient consulté un professionnel de la santé, tel un omnipraticien, contre 73,2 % chez les témoins.Seventy five young male adults between the age of 18 and 35 who had committed suicide were compared with 75 male adults still alive matched for age, residence, marital and employment status. For each group a principal respondent was interviewed in order to reconstitute the psychological profile of each individual, as well as their utilisation of health services. This was completed by the study of the coroner's reports and the medical records when available. At six months the prevalence for all axis diagnosis was 88.8% for the suicide group and 37.3% for the control group. Among the subjects who had commited suicide 38.7% were afflicted by major depression, 24% by alcohol dependency and 28.7% were dependent on drugs. Borderline personalities were present in 28% of the suicide group compared to 5% in the control group. Forty five percent (45%) of the subjects who had killed themselves had consulted a mental health professional in the year preceding the suicide compared to 5% in the control group. However, 78.5% of the suicide group had consulted during the same period a health professional compared to 73.3% of the controls

Conductance of Distorted Carbon Nanotubes

We have calculated the effects of structural distortions of armchair carbon nanotubes on their electrical transport properties. We found that the bending of the nanotubes decreases their transmission function in certain energy ranges and leads to an increased electrical resistance. Electronic structure calculations show that these energy ranges contain localized states with significant $\sigma$-$\pi$ hybridization resulting from the increased curvature produced by bending. Our calculations of the contact resistance show that the large contact resistances observed for SWNTs are likely due to the weak coupling of the NT to the metal in side bonded NT-metal configurations.Comment: 5 pages RevTeX including 4 figures, submitted to PR

Spadin, a Sortilin-Derived Peptide, Targeting Rodent TREK-1 Channels: A New Concept in the Antidepressant Drug Design

We found that spadin, a natural peptide derived from sortilin, blocks the mouse TREK-1 channel and might be an efficient and fast-acting antidepressant

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements