Biometric characterization of Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg. in an araucaria forest

The present research aimed to analyze biometric characteristics of Campomanesia xanthocarpa and its fruits and its fruit yield. This study was developed in araucaria forest at Irati National Forest, Paraná state. To perform this analysis, 31 individuals were selected and the total height and commercial height, diameter breast height (DBH), crown diameter, crown length, crown proportion, crown formal, salience index, range index and slenderness rate were measured. From the fruits, variables as length, width, weight and number of seeds per fruit were measured. The fruit yield was estimated by means of the fruit number per branch and the average fruit weight per tree. The species presented total height, DBH and crown diameter of 14.2 m, 32.09 cm and 9.5 m, respectively. The crown diameter is 30 times greater than DBH, and 49.71% from total height is occupied by its crown. The fruits presented 22.01 mm, 19.74 mm, 6.64 g and eight units for width, length, weight and seeds/fruit, respectively. The yield was 1.273 fruits, with 8.64 kg.tree-1. The species presents slow growth, with slender crown and resistance to weathering. Its fruits had great potential for selection for commercialization

Biometria de Luffa cylindrica M. Roem., 1846 (Cucurbitaceae) e suas relações ecológicas com insetos visitantes em dois sistemas nutricionais diferentes

This research aimed to analyze the morphological development and biological cycle of Luffa cylindrica, in different types of fertilization (basalt powder and NPK), as well as to identify the visiting entomofauna. Research was made in Canoinhas, Santa Catarina State, in a 450 m² area, held in nine flowerbeds: three with basalt powder, three with NPK and three with no fertilization (control test). Evaluations were carried out fortnightly, and variables tested were: number of germinated seeds, plant height (cm), leaves and flowers length and width (cm), fruits length (cm), number of flowers and fruits, damaged fruits (presence or absence) and, finally, collection of visiting insects. The species germinated at 60 days, its leaves can reach 18.67 cm long and 16.72 cm wide; 10 flowers, measuring on average 6.67 cm, and 11 fruits with 24.50 cm in length. Basalt powder efficiency was higher for plant height and number of damaged fruits. For flowers number, length and width of flowers, NPK was more efficient, in the other variables there was no significant difference. Thus, basalt powder is a sustainable fertilizer alternative, avoiding conventional products.Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar el desarrollo morfológico y el ciclo biológico de Luffa cylindrica, en diferentes tipos de fertilización (polvo de basalto y NPK), así como identificar la entomofauna visitante. La investigación se realizó en Canoinhas, Estado de Santa Catarina, en un área de 450 m², en nueve parterres: tres con polvo de basalto, tres con NPK y tres sin fertilización (prueba de control). Las evaluaciones se realizaron quincenalmente, y las variables evaluadas fueron: número de semillas germinadas, altura de la planta (cm), longitud y anchura de las hojas y flores (cm), longitud de los frutos (cm), número de flores y frutos, frutos dañados (presencia o ausencia) y, finalmente, recolección de insectos visitantes. La especie germinó a los 60 días, sus hojas pueden alcanzar 18,67 cm de largo y 16,72 cm de ancho; 10 flores, que miden en promedio 6,67 cm, y 11 frutos con 24,50 cm de longitud. La eficiencia del polvo de basalto fue mayor para la altura de la planta y el número de frutos dañados. Para el número de flores, la longitud y la anchura de las flores, el NPK fue más eficiente, en las otras variables no hubo diferencias significativas. Por lo tanto, el polvo de basalto es una alternativa de fertilizante sostenible, evitando los productos convencionales.Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar o desenvolvimento morfológico e o ciclo biológico de Luffa cylindrica, em diferentes tipos de adubação (pó de basalto e NPK), bem como identificar a entomofauna visitante. Foi realizada em Canoinhas/SC, numa área de 450 m², organizada em nove canteiros: três com pó de basalto, três com NPK e três com nenhuma adubação (controle). As avaliações foram realizadas quinzenalmente, mensurando as variáveis: número de sementes germinadas, altura da planta (cm), comprimento e largura das folhas e flores (cm), comprimento dos frutos (cm), número de flores e frutos e a presença ou ausência de frutos danificados e, por fim, a coleta de insetos visitantes. A espécie germinou aos 60 dias, suas folhas podem chegar a 18,67 cm de comprimento e 16,72 cm de largura; 10 flores, medindo em média 6,67 cm, e 11 frutos com 24,50 cm de comprimento. Houve maior eficiência do pó de basalto para altura da planta e número de frutos danificados. Para o número flores, comprimento e largura de flores, o NPK mostrou-se mais eficiente, nas demais variáveis não houve diferença significativa. Desta forma, o pó de basalto é uma alternativa sustentável de adubação, evitando produtos convencionais