Public knowledge in Hong Kong towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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Association of triglyceride-glucose index with clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving intravenous thrombolysis.

Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) remains the cornerstone of recanalization therapy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS), albeit with varying degrees of response. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a novel marker of insulin resistance, but association with outcomes among AIS patients who have received tPA has not been well elucidated. We studied 698 patients with AIS who received tPA from 2006 to 2018 in a comprehensive stroke centre. TyG index was calculated using the formula: ln[fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. TyG index was significantly lower in patients that survived at 90-days than those who died (8.61 [Interquartile Range: 8.27-8.99] vs 8.76 [interquartile range: 8.39-9.40], p = 0.007). In multivariate analysis, TyG index was significantly associated with 90-day mortality (OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.39-3.23, p = 0.001), poor functional outcome (OR: 1.41 95% CI: 1.05-1.90, p = 0.022), and negatively associated with early neurological improvement (ENI) (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52-0.89, p = 0.004). There was no association between TyG index and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. 'High TyG' (defined by TyG index ≥ 9.15) was associated with mortality, poor functional outcomes and no ENI. In conclusion, the TyG index, a measure of insulin resistance, was significantly associated with poorer clinical outcomes in AIS patients who received tPA

Discovery of a new class of inhibitors for the protein arginine deiminase type 4 (PAD4) by structure-based virtual screening

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with unknown etiology. Anticitrullinated protein autoantibody has been documented as a highly specific autoantibody associated with RA. Protein arginine deiminase type 4 (PAD4) is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of peptidylarginine into peptidylcitrulline. PAD4 is a new therapeutic target for RA treatment. In order to search for inhibitors of PAD4, structure-based virtual screening was performed using LIDAEUS (Ligand discovery at Edinburgh university). Potential inhibitors were screened experimentally by inhibition assays.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Twenty two of the top-ranked water-soluble compounds were selected for inhibitory screening against PAD4. Three compounds showed significant inhibition of PAD4 and their IC₅₀values were investigated. The structures of the three compounds show no resemblance with previously discovered PAD4 inhibitors, nor with existing drugs for RA treatment.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Three compounds were discovered as potential inhibitors of PAD4 by virtual screening. The compounds are commercially available and can be used as scaffolds to design more potent inhibitors against PAD4.</p

A study of the in-column detection performance for chromatography separation

This paper studies the in-column detection performance for chromatography separation. Numerical modeling was performed to investigate the detection efficiency of the electrodes that are suspended within a packed chromatography column. The results show that the density of the silica beads packed within the channel does not hinder the detection ability of the electrode. The findings have been further validated with experimental works. An 8 in-column electrode array provides the full separation progress traces of the five neurotransmitters and metabolites (adrenalin, dopamine, DOPAC, serotonin and 5-HIAA) within the column. From the in-column detection, better peak resolutions are developed though the separation column as compared to the conventional post-column detection. The whole progress of the separation shows that good separation (Rs > 1) can be obtained at E5 (28.7 mm from column inlet), whereas baseline separation could be obtained at E8 (last in-column electrode) with Rs ≥ 1.5 within 60 min. The presented results suggest that the packing materials within the column do not obstruct the efficiency of the electrodes but able to produce a good baseline separation detection as compared to conventional post-column detection

Emulsification and inverted hypopyon formation of oxane HD in the anterior chamber

Background: Oxane HD® is a "heavier-than-water" silicone oil which has a specific gravity of 1.02 g/cm3. When dispersed into droplets, one expects them to sink. We report a case of emulsification of Oxane HD in an eye that unexpectedly manifested as an "inverted hypopyon". Methods: The clinical findings of a 45-year-old man who underwent pars plana vitrectomy and Oxane HD endotamponade for a phakic inferior rhegmatogenous retinal detachment are described. Results: A large silicone oil globule was noted to be floating in the anterior chamber on postoperative day 1. Emulsification of the globule and inverted hypopyon formation were subsequently observed at 2 months postoperatively. Conclusions: Emulsification and inverted hypopyon formation in the anterior chamber may occur with Oxane HD. One explanation might be that the Oxane HD has separated out into its constituent components of silicone and RMN3, which raises questions as to the basis for its claim to be a heavier-than-water tamponade. © Springer-Verlag 2008.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

COVID-19 and ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-summary of the literature

10.1007/s11239-020-02228-yJOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND THROMBOLYSIS503587-59

Intra-Arterial Adjunctive Medications for Acute Ischemic Stroke During Mechanical Thrombectomy

10.1161/strokeaha.120.031738Strok