Conception of main local-strong-nonequilibriun state

A new conception of main local-strong-nonequilibrium state is proposed on the basis of development of the conception local equilibrium state. At list the conception is intended for description of evolution of internal defect structure in solids subjected severe external influences, for example, severe plastic deformation, radiation and so on, but can be developed on other closely related phenomena.Comment: 6 page

Probability distribution function for a solid with vacancies

Expression for probability distribution is got taking into account a presence and removal of degeneracy on the microstates. Its application allows to describe the process of melting of solids, as saltatory phase transition of the first kind without bringing in of concept of the order parameter.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures; budget topic 0109U006004 of NAS of Ukrain

Vacancy theory of melting

The features of alternative approach of non-equilibrium evolution thermodynamics are shown on the example of theory of vacancies by opposed to the classic prototype of Landau theory. On this foundation a strict theory of the melting of metals, based on development of Frenkel ideas about the vacancy mechanism of such phenomena, is considered. The phenomenon of melting is able to be described as a discontinuous phase transition, while the traditional Frenkel's solution in the region of low-concentration of vacancies can describe such transition only as continuous one. The problem of limiting transition of shear modulus to zero values in the liquid state, as well as the problem of the influence of extended state of vacancies on their mobility, is discussed.Comment: 12 papges, 7 figure

Nonequilibrium evolution thermodynamics of vacancies

An alternative approach - nonequilibrium evolution thermodynamics, is compared with classical Landau approach. A statistical justification of the approach is carried out with help of probability distribution function on an example of a solid with vacancies. Two kinds of kinetic equations are deduced in terms of the internal energy and the modified free energy.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Dynamical formation of a nonequilibrium subsystem under severe action

Formation of the nonequilibrium subsystem in dynamical processes during defect generation is simulated by means of molecular dynamics. A particular process of dissipation of the low-frequency acoustic emission into high-frequency equilibrium vibrations of lattice is studied numerically. Clear heuristic reasons are used to introduce different temperatures and entropies for equilibrium and nonequilibrium subsystems. Simple relaxation equation is proposed to describe time behavior of the nonequilibrium entropy.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Four variants of theory of the second order phase transitions

Because of one-valued connection between the configurational entropy and the order parameter it is possible to present the theory of the second order phase transitions in terms of the configurational entropy. It is offered a variant of theory, in which the Nernst theorem is obeyed. Within the framework of heterogeneous model the phenomena of growth of level of fluctuations and their correlations are analyzed at transition of critical point as competitions of kinetic and relaxation processes in the conditions of proximity of two critical points.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figure

Spontaneous second order phase transition. Amorphous branch

A version of the second order phase transition theory, in which the Nernst theorem holds automatically, is proposed. The theory is constructed in terms of the order parameter and the (configurational) entropy. It faithfully reproduces the solutions of Landau theory as well as stable existence of ordered and disordered states and takes into account the existence of amorphous metastable states. Finally, phenomenon of growth of fluctuations magnitude due to random first order transitions between stable and metastable states as their energies approach each other at a critical point is analyzed.Comment: 4 page, 4 figure

Soliton Organization of Thermal Field in a Chain at High Temperature

Thermal field soliton self-organization arising due to absorption of background atoms vibrations is observed in numerical experiment in nonlinear chain with Lennard-Jones potential at high temperature. At some stage intensive space-localized waves are formed and give additional peaks on high-energy tile of energy distribution unlike of Gibbs one.Comment: MikTex v.2.1, 7 pages, 2 EPS figure

Damage Thermodynamics of Quasibrittle Materials

The description of the early stage of microfracture growth in a quasibrittle solid with thermodynamic positions is considered. From the most general thermodynamic performances the "principle" of minimization of free energy is received. The account high (down to thirds) degrees in expansion of free energy concerning parameters of a mechanical field and average microcrack energy has allowed to write down the state equation for solids with microcracks, to find equilibrium and nonequilibrium values of their average energy. From positions of a developed formalism the reason of high stability of work developments on small depths and mechanism of loss of their stability on the large depths is explained. From the fact of presence of qualitatively various behaviour of a material on the large depths the additional estimated connection between parameters of the theory is established.Comment: MikTex v.2.1, 12 pages, 1 EPS figure

Slow failure of quasi-brittle solids

A new mesoscopic non-equilibrium thermodynamic approach is developed. The approach is based on the thermodynamic identity associated the first and second law of thermodynamics. In the framework of the approach different internal dissipative channels of energy are taken in account in an explicit form, namely, the thermal channel and channels of defect subsystems. The identity has a perfect differential form what permits to introduce an extended non-equilibrium state and use the good developed mathematical formalism of equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The evolution of non-equilibrium variables of a physical system are described by a Landau-based equation set expressed through internal or different kinds of free energy connected by means of the Legendre transforms. The accordance between the different kinds of energy is possible owing to introduction of some trends into the equation subset described the defect subsystems and having a nature of structural viscosity. The possibilities of the approach are illustrated on the example of quasibrittle solid damage and failure. Taking into account only one type of defects (viz., microcracks) and mechanical parameters in an expansion of free energy down to third powers in relative to average energy per microcrack, the description of destruction of quasi-brittle solids during long-term loading is considered. The consideration allows to find equilibrium and non-equilibrium values of the free energy. A qualitative behavior of the system on parameters of the theory is analyzed. The destruction of material is described from the uniform positions, both at uniform tension and uniaxial compression. Origins of the high stability of mine workings at small depths and their instability at large depths are explained.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure