Dora d'istria y los gitanos rumanos

Autores de diversas áreas, especialmente del sector de estudios sobre la mujer, recientemente han redescubierto la obra de Dora d’Istria , alias Elena Ghica, una erudita rumana del siglo XIX que escribió considerables informes comparativos sobre las condiciones de la mujer en Europa Occidental y Oriental. También fue la primera mujer en la historia en hablar de las condiciones de las mujeres Gitanas y este artículo trata de analizar la forma en que estas mujeres fueron descritas. En particular, se reconstruye la situación histórico-política de Valaquia en la primera mitad del siglo XIX, ubicando a Elena en la genealogía de los príncipes Ghica, una familia noble del principado, y reexamina la situación de esclavitud a la cual los gitanos en la región fueron sometidos. Por tanto, el artículo analiza la situación personal y contradictoria de Dora d’Istria, una lideresa por la emancipación femenina, quien describió a los Gitanos con dulzura y expurgó la existencia de mujeres Gitanas esclavas con las cuales habría tenido contacto en su juventud.Authors from various areas, especially the women’s studies sector, have recently been rediscovering the work of Dora d’Istria, alias Elena Ghica, a nineteenth century Rumanian scholar who wrote considerable comparative accounts of the conditions of woman in Western and Eastern Europe. She was also the first woman in history to speak about the conditions of Gypsy women and this article attempts to analyse the way in which these women were described. In particular, it reconstructs the historical-political situation of Wallachia in the first half of the nineteenth century, placing Elena in the genealogy of the Ghica princes, a noble family within the principality, and re-discusses the slavery situation that Gypsies in the region were then subject to. The article therefore analyses the personal and contradictory situation of Dora d’Istria who, a champion for female emancipation, described the Gypsies sweetly and expurgated the existence of female Gypsy slaves with whom she would have had contact in her youth

A reply to Yaron Matras

Replay to Yaron Matras.Risposta a Yaron Matras

Raffaele Maffei\u2019s Anthropologia (1506): the birth and diffusion of a (quasi)-neologism

After the appearance in 1501 of the term ant(h)ropologium coined by Magnus Hundt, in 1506 Raffaele Maffei (or Raphael Volaterranus) used (perhaps) the Latin term anthropologia, from which the corresponding forms in today\u2019s national languages derive, for the very first time. This scarcely-known fact has remained as such to scholars who in recent decades have dealt with the semantic history of the word \u201canthropology\u201d. This article shows the emergence of the (quasi-)neologism, the ways in which it spread in Europe during the sixteenth century and how the meaning that Maffei gave the term, close to today\u2019s prosopography, remained practically the same throughout that century. The article shows that authors, whose position has been little understood and sparsely studied to date, fit perfectly into the intellectual genealogy started by Maffei

Dora d'istria y los gitanos rumanos

Autores de diversas áreas, especialmente del sector de estudios sobre la mujer, recientemente han redescubierto la obra de Dora d’Istria , alias Elena Ghica, una erudita rumana del siglo XIX que escribió considerables informes comparativos sobre las condiciones de la mujer en Europa Occidental y Oriental. También fue la primera mujer en la historia en hablar de las condiciones de las mujeres Gitanas y este artículo trata de analizar la forma en que estas mujeres fueron descritas. En particular, se reconstruye la situación histórico-política de Valaquia en la primera mitad del siglo XIX, ubicando a Elena en la genealogía de los príncipes Ghica, una familia noble del principado, y reexamina la situación de esclavitud a la cual los gitanos en la región fueron sometidos. Por tanto, el artículo analiza la situación personal y contradictoria de Dora d’Istria, una lideresa por la emancipación femenina, quien describió a los Gitanos con dulzura y expurgó la existencia de mujeres Gitanas esclavas con las cuales habría tenido contacto en su juventud.Authors from various areas, especially the women’s studies sector, have recently been rediscovering the work of Dora d’Istria, alias Elena Ghica, a nineteenth century Rumanian scholar who wrote considerable comparative accounts of the conditions of woman in Western and Eastern Europe. She was also the first woman in history to speak about the conditions of Gypsy women and this article attempts to analyse the way in which these women were described. In particular, it reconstructs the historical-political situation of Wallachia in the first half of the nineteenth century, placing Elena in the genealogy of the Ghica princes, a noble family within the principality, and re-discusses the slavery situation that Gypsies in the region were then subject to. The article therefore analyses the personal and contradictory situation of Dora d’Istria who, a champion for female emancipation, described the Gypsies sweetly and expurgated the existence of female Gypsy slaves with whom she would have had contact in her youth

Pour une histoire des auto-dénominations romanès

The article attempts to contribute to the history of the self-appellations of so-called “Gypsy” populations starting from the first European documents that recorded them. Continuing the studies carried out in previous decades by several linguists, it will particularly try to show how Kalé and Rom(a)ničel(a) autonyms were much more highly used in modern Europe than they are today and how their enormous diffusion contrasts with their now extremely modest use. The article will try to reconstruct their geographical diffusion and their relationships with other Romani self-appellations, of which it will also try to reconstruct the diffusion areas. In immersion, dispersion processes and the absence of legitimacy which historically characterizes populations known as “Gypsies” in Europe, the game of primary and secondary self-appellations is fundamental in reporting on identity dissolutions, resistances, innovations and self-constructions. L’articolo cerca di contribuire alla storia delle autodenominazioni delle popolazioni dette “zingare” a partire dai primi documenti europei che le registrano. Continuando le ricerche svolte nei decenni precedenti da parte di alcuni linguisti, esso cerca di mostrare, in particolare, come nell’Europa moderna gli autonimi Kalé e Rom(a)ničel(a) fossero molto più usati di oggi e come la loro grande diffusione contrasti con quella molto modesta dei nostri giorni. L’articolo cerca di ricostruire la loro diffusione geografica e il loro rapporto con le altre autodenominazioni romanès, di cui pure cerca di ricostruire le aree di diffusione. Nei processi di immersione, dispersione e assenza di legittimità che storicamente caratterizzano le popolazioni dette “zingare” nello spazio europeo, il gioco delle autodenominazioni, primarie e secondarie, diventa fondamentale per marcare dissoluzioni, resistenze, innovazioni e autocostruzioni identitarie

Denise Pettinato, Etnografia al bancone: Spazi, corpi, oggetti nelle pratiche del bar, Postfazione di Pietro Meloni, Pisa, Pacini, 2022, pp. 231

Recensione di Denise Pettinato, Etnografia al bancone: Spazi, corpi, oggetti nelle pratiche del bar, Postfazione di Pietro Meloni, Pisa, Pacini, 2022, pp. 231

Giulia Meli, Il dialetto degli shinte rosengre. Esame delle fonti e analisi della morfologia tra sincronia e diacronia, Prefazione di Andrea Scala, Alessandria, Edizioni dell’Orso, 2022, pp. 308

Recensione di Giulia Meli, Il dialetto degli shinte rosengre. Esame delle fonti e analisi della morfologia tra sincronia e diacronia, Prefazione di Andrea Scala, Alessandria, Edizioni dell’Orso, 2022, pp. 308

La invención de una diáspora: los nubios de Europa

The purpose of this study is to show how, starting from the edition of one of the first compendia on European minority languages at the end of the XVI century, several hypothesis and theories on the origin of the Euro pean "Cingari" appear. In such erudite disputes, with religious, political and other implications, a multitude of scholars (philosophers, linguistics, theologists ... ) from many heterogeneous geographical and cultural context will intervene. The author propases that the mentioned linguistic study, published at the University of Lérida, will suppose a miles tone of the change of the political and cosmological position attributed by humanists and social researchers to the "Cingari".En este texto se muestra cómo, a partir de la publicación de unos de los primeros compendios de lenguas minoritarias en Europa a finales del siglo XVI, se desencadenan múltiples hipótesis y teorías acerca del origen de los "Cíngaros" europeos. En tales eruditas disputas, a las que no les faltan implicaciones religiosas, políticas y de todo tipo, intervendrán multitud de estudiosos (filósofos, lingüistas, teólogos ... ) de los más variados contextos geográficos y culturales. El autor propone que dicho estudio lingüístico, publicado en la Universidad de Lérida, supondrá un hito en el cambio de la posición política y cosmológica atribuida a los "Cíngaros" por humanistas e investigadores sociales

Che cos’è l’antiziganismo?

Abstract – ITChi è zingaro? Colui che chiamo zingaro, che assegno a questa identità e che costituisco come "altro" dalresto della società. In questo senso, la storia degli zingari si confonde con quella dell'"antiziganismo", unneologismo che denota una pratica antica. Ma si può dire che la comparsa della nuova parola è legata agliodierni intrecci tra politiche multiculturali da un lato e politiche neoliberiste dall’altro?Abstract – FRQui est Tsigane? Celui que je nomme Tsigane, que j'assigne à cette identité et que je constitue en "autre"du reste de la société. Dans ce sens, l'histoire des Tsiganes se confond avec celle de l'"antitsiganisme", unnéologisme qui recouvre une pratique ancienne. Mais peut-on dire que l'apparition de ce nouveau mot estliée aux croisements actuels entre les politiques multiculturelles d'une part, et les politiques néolibéralesde l'autre?Abstract – ENWho is Gypsy? The person I call Gypsy, to whom I assign this identity, is that I establish as"other" than the rest of society. In this sense, the history of Gypsies merges with that of "antigypsism",a neologism that denotes an ancient practice. But can it be said that the appearance ofthis new word is linked to the current entanglement between multi-cultural politics on one side andneo-liberalist politics on the other

L'antropologia "applicata" dei nazisti

Eva Justin was one of the leading researchers at the "Racial Hygiene and Demographic Biology Research Unit" in Nazi Germany, under the directorship of Robert Ritter, and her investigations contributed to sterilizing and/or condemning thousands of Roma and Sinti adults and children to death. The article analyzes the PhD dissertation on Gypsy children (recently translated into Italian) that Eva Justin wrote in 1943 at Berlin University. The article tries to show how all the empirical data presented were constantly distorted by the theoretical context of a form of racist criminology in competition with other expressions of Nazi racism. By briefly outlining the contexts in which Justin\u2019s study developed, the article aims to focus attention on the extremely widespread state practice in pre-Nazi Germany of taking Sinti and Roma minors from their families, putting them into institutes or giving them up for fostering/adoption to farming families. The data on these children provide the historical basis of Justin\u2019s dissertation, while the experimental part of her work was based on \u201cpsychological observations\u201d of children (in an institute run by Catholic nuns) who were later sent to Auschwitz in August 1944