400 research outputs found
Transport Coefficients for Holographic Hydrodynamics at Finite Energy Scale
We investigate the relations between black hole thermodynamics and
holographic transport coefficients in this paper. The formulae for DC
conductivity and diffusion coefficient are verified for electrically
single-charged black holes. We examine the correctness of the proposed
expressions by taking charged dilatonic and single-charged STU black holes as
two concrete examples, and compute the flows of conductivity and diffusion
coefficient by solving the linear order perturbation equations. We then check
the consistence by evaluating the Brown-York tensor at a finite radial
position. Finally, we find that the retarded Green functions for the shear
modes can be expressed easily in terms of black hole thermodynamic quantities
and transport coefficients.Comment: 33 pages,4 figures,to appear in Advances in High Energy Physic
Analytical calculation on critical magnetic field in holographic superconductors with backreaction
We investigate the effect of spacetime backreaction on the upper critical
magnetic field for s-wave holographic superconductors by using the matching
method. The backreaction of the constant external magnetic field and the
electric field to the background geometry leads to a dyonic black hole
solution. The magnetic fields as well as the electric fields acting as
gravitational sources tend to depress the critical temperature of the
superconductor. We derive the analytical expression for the upper critical
magnetic field up to order and find that backreaction
makes the upper critical magnetic field stronger. The result is consistent with
the previous numerical and analytical results.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, major revision, to appear in PT
Magnetic Leakage Internal Detection Device and Series-Parallel Detection Method for Small Diameter Ferromagnetic Spiral Heat Exchanger Tubes
Based on the calculation of magnetic circuit of the detection probe, this article designs a kind of magnetic leakage detection device and series-parallel detection method of small diameter spiral heat exchange tube to realize the safety detection of small diameter spiral heat exchange tube. The detection device includes a detection probe and a probe drive mechanism, which drives the detection probe to move in the spiral heat exchange tube. The detection probe includes an intermediate connector, a magnetizer which is arranged coaxially at both ends of the intermediate connector in turn, a steel ball support body and an end connector. The designed detection probes are mixed in series and parallel, and multiple detection probes are put together in series to be placed in a spiral heat exchange tube to form a group of detection probes in series. Then, multiple groups of detection probes in series are placed in each spiral heat exchange pipe, forming a series-parallel combination, which can detect multiple spiral heat exchange pipes at the same time and improve the detection efficiency greatly
Spatiotemporal Variations of Dryland Vegetation Phenology Revealed by Satellite-Observed Fluorescence and Greenness across the North Australian Tropical Transect
Accurate characterization of spatial patterns and temporal variations in dryland vegetation is of great importance for improving our understanding of terrestrial ecosystem functioning under changing climates. Here, we explored the spatiotemporal variability of dryland vegetation phenology using satellite-observed Solar-Induced chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) and the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) along the North Australian Tropical Transect (NATT). Substantial impacts of extreme drought and intense wetness on the phenology and productivity of dryland vegetation are observed by both SIF and EVI, especially in the arid/semiarid interior of Australia without detectable seasonality in the dry year of 2018–2019. The greenness-based vegetation index (EVI) can more accurately capture the seasonal and interannual variation in vegetation production than SIF (EVI r2: 0.47~0.86, SIF r2: 0.47~0.78). However, during the brown-down periods, the rate of decline in EVI is evidently slower than that in SIF and in situ measurement of gross primary productivity (GPP), due partially to the advanced seasonality of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation. Over 70% of the variability of EVI (except for Hummock grasslands) and 40% of the variability of SIF (except for shrublands) can be explained by the water-related drivers (rainfall and soil moisture). By contrast, air temperature contributed to 25~40% of the variability of the effective fluorescence yield (SIFyield) across all biomes. In spite of high retrieval noises and variable accuracy in phenological metrics (MAE: 8~60 days), spaceborne SIF observations, offsetting the drawbacks of greenness-based phenology products with a potentially lagged end of the season, have the promising capability of mapping and characterizing the spatiotemporal dynamics of dryland vegetation phenology
Initial investigation of reading efficiency from experienced radiologists interpreting digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) images
Initial investigation of reading efficiency from experienced radiologists interpreting digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) image
Analysis of visual search behaviour from experienced radiologists interpreting digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) images: a pilot study
Digital Breast Tomosynthesis has several advantages over traditional 2D mammography. However, the cost-effectiveness to implement DBT modality into breast screening programmes is still under investigation. The DBT modality has been integrated into a regional breast screening program in Italy for several years. The purpose of this study is to examine the experienced Italian DBT readers’ visual search behaviour and summarise their visual inspection patterns. Seven experienced radiologists took part in the study, reading a set of DBT cases with a mixture of both normal and abnormal cases whilst their eye movements data were recorded. They read the cases through a fixed procedure starting with a 2D overview and then went through the DBT view of each side of the breasts. It was found that the experienced readers tended to perform a global-focal scan over the 2D view to detect the abnormality and then ‘drilled’ through the DBT slices, interpreting the details of the feature. The reading speed was also investigated to see if there was any difference in length of time when expert radiologists examine both normal and abnormal cases. The results showed that there was no significant difference in time between normal and abnormal cases. The eye movement patterns revealed that experienced DBT readers covered more areas on the 2D view and fixated longer and with more dwells inside the AOI in the 3D view. Based on these findings it is hoped that by understanding the visual search patterns of the experienced DBT radiologists, it could potentially help DBT trainees to develop more efficient interpretation approaches
Assessing the impact of extreme droughts on dryland vegetation by multi-satellite solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence
Satellite-estimated solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is proven to be an effective indicator for dynamic drought monitoring, while the capability of SIF to assess the variability of dryland vegetation under water and heat stress remains challenging. This study presents an analysis of the responses of dryland vegetation to the worst extreme drought over the past two decades in Australia, using multi-source spaceborne SIF derived from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) and TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). Vegetation functioning was substantially constrained by this extreme event, especially in the interior of Australia, in which there was hardly seasonal growth detected by neither satellite-based observations nor tower-based flux measurements. At a 16-day interval, both SIF and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) can timely capture the reduction at the onset of drought over dryland ecosystems. The results demonstrate that satellite-observed SIF has the potential for characterizing and monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of drought over water-limited ecosystems, despite coarse spatial resolution coupled with high-retrieval noise as compared with EVI. Furthermore, our study highlights that SIF retrieved from TROPOMI featuring substantially enhanced spatiotemporal resolution has the promising capability for accurately tracking the drought-induced variation of heterogeneous dryland vegetation
Is there a difference in reading time when normal and abnormal DBT cases are examined by DBT experienced radiologists?
Is there a difference in reading time when normal and abnormal DBT cases are examined by DBT experienced radiologists
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