Why Government and Non-Governmental Policies and Projects Fail Despite ‘Evaluations’: An Indicator to Measure whether Evaluation Systems Incorporate the Rules of Good Governance

Background: While much has been written in the evaluation literature on the theory of evaluations and on specific cases, there is still no comprehensive and easy to use indicator that can be used to hold organizations to the principles of effective evaluation, to score their quality in several areas, and to offer an immediate diagnostic for improvements. Purpose: The article offers an easy-to-use indicator for measuring whether organizational evaluation policies for government and non-governmental organization spending actually protect the public interest in line with good governance and management principles or whether they serve, instead, to protect bureaucracies and hide wrongdoing under the cover of an “outside” evaluation. Setting: The primary focus of the piece is on international development evaluations but the author shows how the same indicator and model can be used for other government agencies as well as businesses, with modifications. Intervention: The article examines failures of evaluation systems in light of the principles for quality and shows how an indicator can be used to measure and prevent those failures. Research Design: The piece defines the principles of evaluation systems and accountability using both the frameworks of international agencies, themselves, and professional texts, places them in a model framework for effective evaluations, and then turns this framework into a set of questions to derive an indicator. Data Collection and Analysis: The article offers a sample detailed test of the indicator using the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) as a case study. Several other organizations of different types are also tested briefly to yield a variety of results on the quality of their evaluation systems. Findings: Use of this indicator on several organizations including those of the UN system, the EC, U.S.A.I.D., reveals that a number of governmental agencies and contractors (and particularly in the field of international development) are actually failing to protect the public interest and are using evaluation processes as tools to cover up abuses and mistakes and to advocate or advertise for more funding.  Keywords: evaluation, international development, transparency, accountability, monitoring, governanc

We Now Have the Tools and Infrastructure to Hold Donors and NGOs in International Development to their Own Legal and Professional Standards

Background & Purpose: This article summarizes and adds to the tools and infrastructure that the author has developed to hold donors and NGOs in international development to their own international, legal and professional standards, following a call in 2008 for organizations to find objective ways to hold those organizations to compliance with international law and professional principles.   Setting: Global.   Intervention: Not applicable.   Research Design:  The article presents 12 indicator tools (in the form of legal elements tests) recently published elsewhere and a new litmus test tool presented here for the first time for quick evaluations of projects using an inductive approach (looking at project logic), explaining how these tools relate to each other and how they can be used together.   After introducing these indicators, the piece then compiles and summarizes the results for several types of organizations to reveal an overall picture of which donors and NGOs are failing, which are succeeding, and what this now objectively verifies is happening in the world of international development.   Data Collection and Analysis: Not applicable.   Findings: The piece offers some reflections on the world that we live in where international standards and universal principles are not applied, where legal codifications for international development are not enforced, and where current international development approaches are leading to unsustainability, conflict, and homogenization (suppression of human diversity and adaptation) that the standards were designed to help avoid. The author’s approaches, overall, offer the larger blueprint for an infrastructure of “development” work to promote universal legal principles, as well as a larger set of reforms for changes in social and political institutions and systems in the developed world for making these changes a reality.   Keywords: sustainability, dependency, democracy, development, aid, capacity building, international relations, international law, donors, UNDP, World Bank, European Commission, NGOs, foundations

Taking People\u27s History Back to the People: An Approach to Making History Popular, Relevant, and Intellectual

This article takes the educational vision of people’s history an additional step, combining it with experiential approaches to democratic education that have developed over the past century and presenting the tools for students and adults to take control of their own historical study, control their heritage, and personalize the study of history on the very landscapes of their own communities. Through this approach, history becomes an exciting democratic exercise not merely in storytelling but in discovery of, participation in, and interaction with history on the very grounds of the community. The new approach to history, being tested in several communities, takes history as a collection of “stories,” and roots and expands it to places, landscapes, and environment in everyday life, where history is unavoidable and where protecting and making history are ordinary household and community activities

Obstructions to embeddability into hyperquadrics and explicit examples

We give series of explicit examples of Levi-nondegenerate real-analytic hypersurfaces in complex spaces that are not transversally holomorphically embeddable into hyperquadrics of any dimension. For this, we construct invariants attached to a given hypersurface that serve as obstructions to embeddability. We further study the embeddability problem for real-analytic submanifolds of higher codimension and answer a question by Forstneri\v{c}.Comment: Revised version, appendix and references adde

Life Sciences, Technology, and the Law - Symosium Transcript - March 7, 2003

Life sciences, Technology, and the Law Symposium held at the University of Michigan Law School Friday, March 7, 200

Complex zeros of real ergodic eigenfunctions

We determine the limit distribution (as $\lambda \to \infty$) of complex zeros for holomorphic continuations \phi_{\lambda}^{\C} to Grauert tubes of real eigenfunctions of the Laplacian on a real analytic compact Riemannian manifold $(M, g)$ with ergodic geodesic flow. If $\{\phi_{j_k} \}$ is an ergodic sequence of eigenfunctions, we prove the weak limit formula \frac{1}{\lambda_j} [Z_{\phi_{j_k}^{\C}}] \to \frac{i}{\pi} \bar{\partial} {\partial} |\xi|_g, where [Z_{\phi_{j_k}^{\C}}] is the current of integration over the complex zeros and where $\bar{\partial}$ is with respect to the adapted complex structure of Lempert-Sz\"oke and Guillemin-Stenzel.Comment: Added some examples and references. Also added a new Corollary, and corrected some typo