Ice Trays

pages 118-11

Verde Vista

pages 120-12

Down the Line

page 11

Biological sex is a predictor of pretibial subcutaneous tissue depth for intraosseous catheter insertion

Introduction Intraosseous (IO) vascular access is most commonly used when critical patients need rapid establishment of vascular access. They have shown high rates of successful placement, with the proximal tibia showing the highest first-attempt success rates. Proper establishment of vascular access requires a needle properly sized to enter the bony cortex and stay there. In this study, we analyzed demographic associations with pre-tibial subcutaneous tissue depth (PTSTD). Methods The PTSTD was calculated using computed tomography (CT) images of adult (³ 18 years old) patients. Variables including side, age, sex, height, weight, BMI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and osteoarthritis were analyzed statistically. Results 368 patients were included in the final data analysis. Patient body mass index, height and weight showed a statistically significant impact on PTSTD overall, and betweenx \u3e 20 mm and \u3c 20 mm and \u3e 40 mm groups. Only height displayed a statistically significant effect between 40 mm \u3e x \u3e 20 mm and \u3e 40 mm group. Sex displayed a statistically significant effect on PTSTD. Conclusions Female sex and higher BMI appear to be related to increased soft tissue thickness in this patient population. Longer catheters may be needed for some obese patients, especially females

FAST INdiCATE Trial protocol. Clinical efficacy of functional strength training for upper limb motor recovery early after stroke : neural correlates and prognostic indicators

© 2013 The Authors. International Journal of Stroke published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Stroke Organization. Funded by: Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation programme. Grant Number: 10/60/30 Medical Research Council (MRC)Peer reviewedPublisher PD

NLRX1 Sequesters STING to Negatively Regulate the Interferon Response, Thereby Facilitating the Replication of HIV-1 and DNA Viruses

SummaryUnderstanding the negative regulators of antiviral immune responses will be critical for advancing immune-modulated antiviral strategies. NLRX1, an NLR protein that negatively regulates innate immunity, was previously identified in an unbiased siRNA screen as required for HIV infection. We find that NLRX1 depletion results in impaired nuclear import of HIV-1 DNA in human monocytic cells. Additionally, NLRX1 was observed to reduce type-I interferon (IFN-I) and cytokines in response to HIV-1 reverse-transcribed DNA. NLRX1 sequesters the DNA-sensing adaptor STING from interaction with TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), which is a requisite for IFN-1 induction in response to DNA. NLRX1-deficient cells generate an amplified STING-dependent host response to cytosolic DNA, c-di-GMP, cGAMP, HIV-1, and DNA viruses. Accordingly, Nlrx1−/− mice infected with DNA viruses exhibit enhanced innate immunity and reduced viral load. Thus, NLRX1 is a negative regulator of the host innate immune response to HIV-1 and DNA viruses

Modelling Strategic Conversation: model, annotation design and corpus

International audienceA Gricean view of cognitive agents holds that agents are fully rational and adhere to the maxims of conversation that entail that speakers adopt shared intentions and fully aligned preferences–e.g. (Allen and Litman, 1987; Lochbaum, 1998). These assumptions are unwarranted in many conversational settings. In this paper we propose a different view and an annotation scheme for it