Zitieren – ein Thema für Bibliotheken! Zitierleitfaden, Zitierkurs und mehr an der Universitätsbibliothek der TU München

Die Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität München (TUM) bietet mit jährlich mehr als 400 Veranstaltungen für rund 8.000 Teilnehmende ein umfangreiches Programm im Bereich Informationskompetenz an. Im Wintersemester 2014/15 wurde das Angebot im Bereich Zitieren und Plagiat-Vermeidung grundlegend erweitert. Die Universitätsbibliothek hat einen Zitierleitfadenerstellt und bietet einen Kurs zum Zitieren sowie eine Sprechstunde für Fragen zur Literaturverwaltung und zum Zitieren an. Der Beitrag schildert Konzeption, Einführung und erste Erfahrungen der Universitätsbibliothek mit ihren neuen Dienstleistungsangeboten.The University Library of the Technical University of Munich (TUM) offers a comprehensive training programme for information literacy including more than 400 training events for approximately 8.000 participants per year. In the winter semester of 2014/2015, the library expanded its services in thefield of citation and plagiarism. A citation guide was prepared, and the library now offers a special training course and drop-in advisory sessions for reference management and citation assistance. The paper discusses the design, the implementation and the first experiences with these new support services at the University Library

Qualitätssicherung für die Lehre: Ein Supervisionsprojekt von Universitätsbibliothek und hochschuldidaktischem Zentrum der TU München

Schulungen zur Informationskompetenz gehören mittlerweile zum Standardangebot der meisten Bibliotheken. Jedoch haben die wenigsten Bibliotheksbeschäftigten eine pädagogische oder didaktische Ausbildung. Wie können Lehrende sicherstellen, dass ihre Kurse didaktisch sinnvoll aufgebaut sind, Präsentation und Kursgestaltung die Teilnehmenden ansprechen und sie sich als Dozent*innen weiterentwickeln? Die Universitätsbibliothek (UB) der Technischen Universität München (TUM) bietet mit derzeit 17 verschiedenen Kursen und insgesamt ca. 300 Veranstaltungen im Jahr ein umfangreiches Schulungsprogramm an. Im Wintersemester 2019/20 hat die Bibliothek ein Supervisionsprojekt mit ProLehre, dem hochschuldidaktischen Zentrum der TUM, durchgeführt. Ziel war es, von externer Seite einen professionellen Blick auf die Kurse zu erhalten und die Dozent*innen durch ein strukturiertes, konstruktives Feedback in ihrer Rolle als Lehrende zu unterstützen. Der Artikel beschreibt die Planung und Durchführung des Projektes. Außerdem wird davon berichtet, wo vom Projektplan abgewichen werden musste, wie das Feedback der Teilnehmenden war und wie die Bibliothek nach dem Projekt die Qualität ihres Schulungsangebotes durch eine Verstetigung der kollegialen Hospitation sicherstellen will. Today, information literacy training is a part of the standard service offered by most libraries. But very few colleagues have any educational qualification or training in didactics. How can librarians make sure that their courses are structured in a didactically sensible way, that presentation and course design engage the participants and that they develop as teachers? The University Library (UB) of the Technical University of Munich (TUM) currently offers an extensive training programme consisting of 17 different courses, giving approximately 300 courses per year. In the winter semester 2019/20, the library conducted a supervision project with the TUM’s centre for media and higher education didactics - ProLehre. The aim was to obtain a professional view of the courses from an external perspective and to support the librarians in their role as teachers by providing structured, constructive feedback. This article describes the planning and implementation of the project. It also reports on where the project plan had to be adapted, what the feedback from the participants was like and how the library wants to ensure the quality of its courses beyond the project by introducing peer observation as a permanent feature

Comparing adaptive and fixed bandwidth-based kernel density estimates in spatial cancer epidemiology

Background: Monitoring spatial disease risk (e.g. identifying risk areas) is of great relevance in public health research, especially in cancer epidemiology. A common strategy uses case-control studies and estimates a spatial relative risk function (sRRF) via kernel density estimation (KDE). This study was set up to evaluate the sRRF estimation methods, comparing fixed with adaptive bandwidth-based KDE, and how they were able to detect ‘risk areas’ with case data from a population-based cancer registry. Methods: The sRRF were estimated within a defined area, using locational information on incident cancer cases and on a spatial sample of controls, drawn from a high-resolution population grid recognized as underestimating the resident population in urban centers. The spatial extensions of these areas with underestimated resident population were quantified with population reference data and used in this study as ‘true risk areas’. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were conducted by spatial overlay of the ‘true risk areas’ and the significant (α=.05) p-contour lines obtained from the sRRF. Results: We observed that the fixed bandwidth-based sRRF was distinguished by a conservative behavior in identifying these urban ‘risk areas’, that is, a reduced sensitivity but increased specificity due to oversmoothing as compared to the adaptive risk estimator. In contrast, the latter appeared more competitive through variance stabilization, resulting in a higher sensitivity, while the specificity was equal as compared to the fixed risk estimator. Halving the originally determined bandwidths led to a simultaneous improvement of sensitivity and specificity of the adaptive sRRF, while the specificity was reduced for the fixed estimator. Conclusion: The fixed risk estimator contrasts with an oversmoothing tendency in urban areas, while overestimating the risk in rural areas. The use of an adaptive bandwidth regime attenuated this pattern, but led in general to a higher false positive rate, because, in our study design, the majority of true risk areas were located in urban areas. However, there is a strong need for further optimizing the bandwidth selection methods, especially for the adaptive sRRF.<br

Detecting cancer clusters in a regional population with local cluster tests and Bayesian smoothing methods: a simulation study

Background: There is a rising public and political demand for prospective cancer cluster monitoring. But there is little empirical evidence on the performance of established cluster detection tests under conditions of small and heterogeneous sample sizes and varying spatial scales, such as are the case for most existing population-based cancer registries. Therefore this simulation study aims to evaluate different cluster detection methods, implemented in the open soure environment R, in their ability to identify clusters of lung cancer using real-life data from an epidemiological cancer registry in Germany. Methods: Risk surfaces were constructed with two different spatial cluster types, representing a relative risk of RR = 2.0 or of RR = 4.0, in relation to the overall background incidence of lung cancer, separately for men and women. Lung cancer cases were sampled from this risk surface as geocodes using an inhomogeneous Poisson process. The realisations of the cancer cases were analysed within small spatial (census tracts, N = 1983) and within aggregated large spatial scales (communities, N = 78). Subsequently, they were submitted to the cluster detection methods. The test accuracy for cluster location was determined in terms of detection rates (DR), false-positive (FP) rates and positive predictive values. The Bayesian smoothing models were evaluated using ROC curves. Results: With moderate risk increase (RR = 2.0), local cluster tests showed better DR (for both spatial aggregation scales > 0.90) and lower FP rates (both < 0.05) than the Bayesian smoothing methods. When the cluster RR was raised four-fold, the local cluster tests showed better DR with lower FPs only for the small spatial scale. At a large spatial scale, the Bayesian smoothing methods, especially those implementing a spatial neighbourhood, showed a substantially lower FP rate than the cluster tests. However, the risk increases at this scale were mostly diluted by data aggregation. Conclusion: High resolution spatial scales seem more appropriate as data base for cancer cluster testing and monitoring than the commonly used aggregated scales. We suggest the development of a two-stage approach that combines methods with high detection rates as a first-line screening with methods of higher predictive ability at the second stage.<br

Patient Safety and the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany: A Repeated Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) has presented Germany with major challenges and has led to concerns about patient safety. We conducted an observational, population-based, nationwide, repeated cross-sectional survey on patient safety in Germany in 2019, 2020, and 2021. Each of the three samples consisted of 1000 randomly recruited adults. Self-reported data via computer-assisted telephone interviews were taken from TK Monitor of Patient Safety. Perceptions, experience, and knowledge relating to patient safety were assessed. The majority of respondents considered medical treatment to involve risks to patient safety. This proportion decreased during the pandemic. The majority also had a high degree of self-efficacy regarding the prevention of medical errors, whereby the percentage that felt well informed with regard to patient safety rose throughout the pandemic. The proportion of persons that suspected they had in the past experienced an error in their treatment remained steady at one third as well as the reported errors. In 2020, 65% of respondents thought health communication with service providers (e.g., extent and comprehensibility of information) remained unchanged during the pandemic, while 35% reported that medical appointments had been cancelled or postponed. This study is the first to assess patient safety from a general population perspective during the coronavirus pandemic in Germany. COVID-19 had a positive impact on perceived patient safety but no impact on suspected and reported errors. Self-efficacy with regard to medical error prevention steadily increased in the general population, and people considered themselves well informed

CoScience - Gemeinsam forschen und publizieren mit dem Netz

Der Arbeitsalltag von Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern hat sich in den letzten Jahren dramatisch verändert. Forschen, Schreiben und Publizieren sind mittlerweile stark durch netzbasierte Anwendungen geprägt. Das digitale Zeitalter aber hat nicht nur neue technische Werkzeuge hervorgebracht, sondern auch neue Wege eröffnet, um Wissen zu generieren und zu verbreiten. Dies gilt sowohl innerhalb der akademischen Weltals auch über diese hinaus. Das Arbeiten mit dem Netz stellt unsere bisherigen etablierten wissenschaftlichen Praktiken in Frage. Forschung wird zunehmend vernetzt, kollaborativ, multimedial, trans- bzw. interdisziplinär durchgeführt

Das Hoeb4U-Konzept in ausgewählten Stadtteilbibliotheken der BücherhallenHamburg : eine Untersuchung des Mediennutzungsverhaltens der Kunden

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Nutzung des freizeitorientierten Jugendbestandes in den Stadtteilbibliotheken der Bücherhallen Hamburg. Ziel war es herauszufinden, ob Jugendecken ohne schulrelevante Literatur auch über die Hamburger Jugendbibliothek Hoeb4U hinaus das sind, was den Bedürfnissen Jugendlicher Kunden entspricht. Ferner wurde in Erfahrung gebracht, was die Gründe für den Bibliotheksbesuch und die Mediennutzung sind. Ebenso war es Ziel herauszufinden, wie das Mediennutzungsverhalten jugendlicher Bibliotheksnutzer heutzutage ist. Zu diesem Zweck wurde vom 17.11.2008 bis zum 20.12.2008 eine Befragung der Kunden zwischen 14 und 24 Jahren in den Stadtteilbibliotheken Alstertal, Barmbek, Lokstedt und Rahlstedt der Bücherhallen Hamburg durchgeführt. Die Befragung ergab, dass die Jugendlichen die Bibliothek in erster Linie nutzen um Medien für den Freizeitgebrauch zu leihen. Das Konzept der freizeitorientierten Jugendecken erweist sich damit als den Bedürfnissen der Jugendlichen angepasst

Incidence and Mortality Trends in German Women with Breast Cancer Using Age, Period and Cohort 1999 to 2008

Longitudinal analysis investigates period (P), often as years. Additional scales of time are age (A) and birth cohort (C) Aim of our study was to use ecological APC analysis for women breast cancer incidence and mortality in Germany. Nation-wide new cases and deaths were obtained from Robert Koch Institute and female population from federal statistics, 1999–2008. Data was stratified into ten 5-years age-groups starting 20–24 years, ten birth cohorts starting 1939–43, and two calendar periods 1999–2003 and 2004–2008. Annual incidence and mortality were calculated: cases to 100,000 women per year. Data was analyzed using glm and apc packages of R. Breast cancer incidence and mortality increased with age. Secular rise in breast cancer incidence and decline in mortality was observed for period1999-2008. Breast cancer incidence and mortality declined with cohorts; cohorts 1950s showed highest incidence and mortality. Age-cohort best explained incidence and mortality followed by age-period-cohort with overall declining trends. Declining age-cohort mortality could be probable. Declining age-cohort incidence would require future biological explanations or rendered statistical artefact. Cohorts 1949–1958 could be unique in having highest incidence and mortality in recent time or future period associations could emerge relatively stronger to cohort to provide additional explanation of temporal change over cohorts

Parameter Estimates Obtained (β) Using glm Modeling of Age-Cohort and Age-Period-Cohort for Incidence and Mortality of Breast Cancer.

<p>Parameter Estimates Obtained (β) Using glm Modeling of Age-Cohort and Age-Period-Cohort for Incidence and Mortality of Breast Cancer.</p

Age-Period-Cohort Modeling for Incidence and Mortality of Breast Cancer in Women using apc of R package—Sensitivity Analysis.

<p>Age-Period-Cohort Modeling for Incidence and Mortality of Breast Cancer in Women using apc of R package—Sensitivity Analysis.</p