Etude sur les systèmes de pompes à chaleur géothermiques

Modélisatin des pompes à chaleur -- Performance et puissance d'une pompe à chaleur -- Description du modèle TRNSYS -- Influence du débit sur les performances -- Modélisation de l'échangeur géothermique -- Modélisation du groupe pompe-moteur EFV -- Modélisation du système complet sous TRNSYS -- Vérification expérimentale qualitative de la modélisation sous TRNSYS -- Optimisation du débit de pompage

Optimisation de la production de bactériophages et étude des interactions phage-hôte chez Salmonella

L'émergence de la résistance aux antibiotiques représente un risque grandissant, tant au niveau de la santé animale qu'humaine. Afin de répondre à cette problématique, plusieurs options sont présentement à l'étude par la communauté scientifique, dont l'utilisation de phages comme une alternative ou un complément aux antibiotiques. Avant que ces virus bactériens ne soient une solution viable à long terme, plusieurs défis devront être relevés, dont la production optimale des phages ainsi que leur conservation et distribution. Il est également essentiel de bien comprendre le fonctionnement de ces virus et leurs interactions avec les bactéries afin de limiter l'émergence de bactéries résistantes aux phages. Le phage de Salmonella S16, un phage virulent ayant un large spectre lytique, a été étudié afin de maximiser le rendement lors de sa production. Des titres supérieurs à 1x10¹⁰ UFP/mL ont pu être obtenus de manière constante en variant la charge virale, la charge bactérienne et la multiplicité d'infection. L'atomisation des phages S16 et Felix-O1 a par la suite été réalisée afin d'obtenir une poudre concentrée de phages, facilitant l'entreposage et la distribution de ces derniers. Ensuite, des bactéries résistantes aux phages ont été générées via un cocktail de trois phages virulents (Felix-O1, 16-19 et 9 heidelberg). Les génomes de ces bactéries mutantes ont par la suite été séquencés et analysés dans le but d'identifier le mécanisme utilisé par Salmonella pour se protéger contre l'infection par ces phages. Finalement, une interaction phage-hôte peu connue, la pseudolysogénie, a été observée et analysée chez le phage S16. L'analyse protéomique via la spectrométrie de masse a permis de déterminer trois protéines du phage qui sont surexprimées lors de la pseudolysogénie comparativement à un cycle d'infection normal. Ces protéines phagiques pourraient être reliées à la régulation ou au mécanisme menant à la pseudolysogénie.The emergence of antibiotic resistance in several pathogenic bacteria is currently a significant risk, both in animal and human health. To manage this issue, several options are currently being explored by the scientific community, including the use of phages as alternatives or complements to antibiotics. Before those bacterial viruses are seen as a long-term viable option, several challenges remain, including the optimization of phage production as well as their conservation and distribution. It is also critical to understand how these viruses work and how they interact with their bacterial hosts to limit the emergence of phage-resistant bacteria. The Salmonella phage S16, a virulent phage with a broad host range, was studied to maximize its yield during production. Titers greater than 1x10¹⁰ PFU/mL were routinely obtained by varying the viral load, the bacterial load, and the multiplicity of infection. Spray drying of phages S16 and Felix-O1 was then carried out to manufacture a concentrated phage powder, facilitating storage and distribution. Then, phage resistant Salmonella bacteria were generated using a cocktail of three virulent phages (Felix-O1, 16-19 and 9 heidelberg). The genome of these bacterial mutants was sequenced and analyzed to better understand the mechanism used by Salmonella to protect itself against phage infection. Finally, a poorly described phage-host interaction phenomenon, the pseudolysogeny, has been observed with phage S16. Proteomic analysis via mass spectrometry identified three phage proteins that are overexpressed during pseudolysogeny compared to a normal lytic cycle. These proteins could be linked to the regulation, or the mechanism involved in pseudolysogeny

Toward food sovereignty for coastal communities of eastern Québec : co-designing a website to support consumption of edible resources from the St. Lawrence River, Estuary, and Gulf

Background. Despite the abundance and proximity of edible marine resources, coastal communities along the St. Lawrence in Eastern Québec rarely consume these resources. Within a community-based food sovereignty project, Manger notre Saint-Laurent (‘‘Sustenance from our St. Lawrence''), members of participating communities (3 nonIndigenous, 1 Indigenous) identified a need for a web-based decision tool to help make informed consumption choices. Methods. We thus aimed to co-design a prototype website that facilitates informed choices about consuming local edible marine resources based on seasonal and regional availability, food safety, nutrition, and sustainability, with community members, regional stakeholders, and experts in user experience design and web development. We conducted 48 interviews with a variety of people over 3 iterative cycles, assessing the prototype's ease of use with a validated measure, the System Usability Scale. Results. Community members, regional stakeholders, and other experts identified problematic elements in initial versions of the website (e.g., confusing symbols). We resolved issues and added features people identified as useful. Usability scores reached ‘‘best imaginable'' for both the second and the third versions and did not differ significantly between sociodemographic groups. The final prototype includes a tool to explore each species and index cards to regroup accurate evidence relevant to each species. Conclusions. Engaging co-designers with different sociodemographic characteristics brought together a variety of perspectives. Several components would not have been included without co-designers' input; other components were greatly improved thanks to their feedback. Co-design approaches in research and intervention development are preferable to foster the inclusion of a variety of people. Once the prototype is programmed and available online, we hope to evaluate the website to determine its effects on food choices

Complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli Siphophage BRET

The lytic Escherichia coli siphophage BRET was isolated from a chicken obtained at a local market in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. Its linear genome sequence consists of 59,550 bp (43.4% GC content) and contains 88 predicted genes, including 4 involved in archaeosine biosynthesis. Phage BRET is related (95% nucleotide identity) to Enterobacteria phage JenK

Feeding mice with diets containing mercury-contaminated fish flesh from French Guiana: a model for the mercurial intoxication of the Wayana Amerindians

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