Orthodontic treatment need for Brazilian schoolchildren: a study using the Dental Aesthetic Index

OBJECTIVE: To determine the normative orthodontic treatment need among 12-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren, in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and compare with the need as perceived by the children themselves and their parents or caregivers, assessing putative associated sociodemographic factors. METHODS: Four hundred and fifty one children without a previous history of orthodontic treatment were randomly selected from a population of 7,993 schoolchildren regularly attending the public and private educational sectors of the municipality of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. RESULTS: The prevalence of normative orthodontic treatment need in 12-year-old children, assessed with the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was 65.6% (n = 155). The need perceived by the caregivers was 85.6%, and by the children was 83.8%. Only the perception by the caregivers maintained a significant correlation with the normative need of treatment when adjusted to the parents' schooling and economical level (p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence (65.6%) of malocclusion requiring orthodontic treatment in 12-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren. The most prevalent malocclusions in the study were: Crowding, Class II molar relationship and increased overjet. There was no significant correlation between the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need - Aesthetic Component (IOTN-AC) related to dental aesthetic perception and the normative treatment need assessed with the DAI.OBJETIVO: determinar a necessidade normativa de tratamento ortodôntico em escolares brasileiros de 12 anos de idade, no município de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, e compará-la à necessidade percebida pelos responsáveis e crianças da amostra, avaliando potenciais fatores sociodemográficos associados. MÉTODOS: quatrocentos e cinquenta e uma crianças, sem história de tratamento ortodôntico, foram selecionadas, aleatoriamente, de uma população de 7.993 escolares matriculados na rede de ensino pública e particular da cidade de Juiz de Fora. RESULTADOS: a prevalência da necessidade normativa de tratamento ortodôntico em crianças de 12 anos de idade, utilizando o Índice de Estética Dentária (DAI), foi de 65,6% (n = 155). A percepção da necessidade pelos responsáveis foi de 85,6% e pelas crianças foi de 83,8%. No entanto, somente a percepção dos responsáveis teve uma correlação significativa com a necessidade normativa (p = 0,023). CONCLUSÕES: existe uma alta prevalência (65,6%) de má oclusão com necessidade de tratamento ortodôntico em escolares brasileiros de 12 anos de idade. As más oclusões mais prevalentes no estudo foram apinhamento, relação molar de Classe II e sobressaliência maxilar. Não houve uma correlação significativa entre a percepção da estética dentária por meio do IOTN-AC (Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need) e a necessidade de tratamento normativo avaliada por meio do DAI

Validation of the Brazilian version of the VERITAS-Pro scale to assess adherence to prophylactic regimens in hemophilia

Introduction: Prophylaxis is the treatment of choice for patients with severe hemophilia. Low adherence may limit the effectiveness of the prophylactic regimen, thereby compromising outcomes. Objective: The objective of this study was to validate the Brazilian version of the VERITAS-Pro prophylaxis adherence scale, originally an American questionnaire that can be answered by the individual responsible for prophylaxis as well as by an observer. Methods: The scale has 24 questions divided into six subscales: Routine, Dosage, Plan, Remember, Skip and Communicate. Participants were recruited at a blood center in southeastern Brazil for validation and reliability analyses. Validation measures included the results obtained using analog visual scales of adherence, interval between medication dispensed by the treatment center pharmacy and the percentage of recommended doses administered and infusions registered in the patients’ logs. Results: The study included 32 individuals responsible for prophylaxis and five observers. The internal consistency was very good for the VERITAS-Pro total score, excellent for the Remember, Skip and Communicate subscales, good for the Dosage subscale, and acceptable for the Routine and Plan subscales. Twelve participants answered the questionnaire on more than one occasion to evaluate reproducibility. The intraclass correlation coefficient was excellent. Regarding convergent validity, the VERITAS-Pro scores were moderately correlated with the global adherence scale and with infusion log records, but showed a weak correlation with pharmacy dispensation records. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of VERITAS-Pro is a valid and reliable instrument, enabling the understanding of specific factors related to non-adherence and allowing targeted interventions for proper treatment.

Avaliação da integralidade e do acesso de primeiro contato em saúde bucal na Atenção Primária, sob a perspectiva de cirurgiões-dentistas

Introduction: the analysis of primary services regarding their degree of orientation to Primary Health Care (PHC), based on the measurement of their attributes, is essential for the effectiveness of care. Objective: the present study aimed to evaluate the presence and extent of the integrality and first-contact access attributes in primary dental services in the city of Juiz de Fora (MG), from the perspective of dentists. Method: this is a cross-sectional study carried out through the online application of the PCATool-Brazil Oral Health instrument for dentists. Results: the first contact access attribute had low performance (5.2), while integrality had high performance in its two components. Conclusion: it was concluded that the primary dental services in Juiz de Fora (MG) are oriented to PHC from the point of view of integrality. However, they lack better planning and new policies that guarantee access, given their low orientation.Introdução: A análise dos serviços primários quanto ao seu grau de orientação à Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), a partir da mensuração de seus atributos, é essencial para a efetividade da assistência. Objetivo: Avaliar a presença e a extensão dos atributos integralidade e acesso de primeiro contato nos serviços odontológicos primários do município de Juiz de Fora (MG), sob a perspectiva de cirurgiões-dentistas. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado por meio da aplicação online do Instrumento de Avaliação da Atenção Primária (PCATool-Brasil Saúde Bucal) para dentistas. Resultados: O atributo acesso de primeiro contato obteve baixo desempenho (5,2), enquanto a integralidade obteve alto desempenho em seus dois componentes. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que os serviços odontológicos primários de Juiz de Fora (MG) estão orientados à APS sob ponto de vista da integralidade. Contudo, carecem de melhor planejamento e novas políticas que garantam acesso, haja vista a sua baixa orientação

Prevalence of fear of falling, in a sample of elderly adults in the community

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of fear of falling among a sample of elderly persons in the community, and to analyze its correlation with age, self-perceived health, difficulty walking, use of an assistive device for walking, history of falls, and functional capacity. Method: A cross-sectional study of 314 non-institutionalized elderly individuals, living in the city of Juiz de Fora in the state of Minas Gerais) in 2015, was carried out. A household survey was conducted and fear of falling was assessed using the Falls Efficacy Scale - International - Brazil (FES-I-BRASIL). The Spearman correlation was used to verify the correlation of the independent variables with the fear of falling. The significance level for the study was 5%. Results: The prevalence of fear of falling among the elderly was 95.2% (95% CI= 92.3; 97.3). Fear of falling was significantly correlated with all the variables analyzed: age (r= 0.199), self-perceived health (r=0.299), difficulty walking (r= -0.480), use of an assistive device for walking (r=0.337), history of falls (r= -0.177), and functional capacity (r = -0.476). Conclusions: A high prevalence of fear of falling was observed, with a significant correlation between the outcome and the variables studied. These findings point to the need for rehabilitation, prevention, and health promotion strategies that enable healthy aging.

Self-Declared Oral Health Conditions and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of the Brazilian Homeless Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To associate the impact of oral health-related quality of life with socio-demographic determinants, self-perception, oral health conditions and access to dental treatment among homeless adults. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a medium-sized Brazilian city in Minas Gerais. Socio-demographic data on the use of dental services and access to hygiene supplies for oral health were collected. Clinical aspects were collected by clinical observation using the Community Oral Health Indicator and oral health-related quality of life using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Medians and interquartile distance were compared using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Multiple linear regression included significant variables (p<0.05) of the bivariate analysis according to each OHIP-14 domain. Results:Women had the lowest scores for the physical and social disability domains. Oral health conditions were associated with physical and psychological limitations and disability. The presence of more teeth was associated with a negative impact on the functional and physical domains, and inflamed gums, lack of need for dental prosthesis, and use of private services were associated with a greater psychological disability. Conclusion: Oral health-related quality of life of the homeless population is affected, especially in the physical and psychological aspects. Equitable and inclusive health actions aimed at this population should include oral health

Análise da qualidade de vida de pacientes osteoartrósicos submetidos à artroplastia total do quadril

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the health-related quality of life among patients affected by hip osteoarthrosis who were treated by means of total hip arthroplasty. Methods: A cohort of 38 patients operated by a single surgeon in a regional referential teaching hospital during the year 2010 was prospectively studied and followed up for at least six months until they had achieved satisfactory rehabilitation. Each patient gave responses to the SF-36 form immediately before the operation and six months later and the Harris Hip Score was obtained at the same time. The pre and postoperative results were analyzed and compared with the literature. Results: The pre and postoperative SF-36 results were as follows: physical function: 13.4-53.7; role physical: 9.21-48.0; body pain: 23.1- 62.6; general health: 54.2-71.3; vitality: 40.3-69.9; social function: 40.8-74.3; role emotional: 23.7-64.9; and mental health: 52.6-80.4. The Harris Hip Score went from 36.1 to 92.1, on average. All the results were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The combination of two scales was shown to be valuable in identifying bias and gave greater reliability for understanding the different variables. The study showed that there was a significant improvement in health- related quality of life among patients affected by osteoarthrosis of different etiologies who underwent total hip arthroplasty. Health-related quality of life evaluations cannot replace clinical evaluations provided by specific instruments and physicians’ experience but can add important data through giving value to patients’ sets of expectations regarding medical treatment. Moreover, such evaluations can be considered to be an efficient tool for analyzing the outcomes from total hip arthroplasty.OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo foi a avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde em pacientes afetados por osteoartrose do quadril e tratados por artroplastia total do quadril. MÉTODOS: Estudou-se, prospectivamente, uma coorte de 38 pacientes operados em hospital universitário de referência regional pelo mesmo cirurgião no ano de 2010 e acompanhados durante, no mínimo, seis meses até atingirem reabilitação satisfatória. Cada paciente respondeu ao formulário SF-36 e teve o Harris Hip Score estabelecido imediatamente antes da operação e aos seis meses de seguimento. Os resultados dos testes pré e pós-operatórios foram analisados e comparados com a literatura. RESULTADOS: Os resultados pré e pós-operatórios do SF-36 foram: capacidade funcional – 13,4-53,7; limitação por aspectos físicos – 9,21-48,0; dor – 23,1-62,6; estado geral de saúde – 54,2-71,3; vitalidade – 40,3-69,9; aspectos sociais – 40,8-74,3; limitação por aspectos emocionais – 23,7-64,9; saúde mental – 52,6-80,4. O Harris Hip Score variou de 36,1 a 92,1, em média. Todos os resultados foram estatisticamente significantes (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÕES: A combinação de duas escalas mostrou-se valiosa na identificação de vieses e conferiu maior confiabilidade na compreensão das diversas variáveis. O estudo demonstra uma significativa melhora na qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde em pacientes afetados por osteoartrose de diferentes etiologias e que foram submetidos à artroplastia total do quadril. A avaliação da qualidade de vida não substitui a avaliação clínica provida por instrumentos específicos e pela experiência do cirurgião, mas pode adicionar dados importantes ao valorizar o conjunto de expectativas do paciente perante um tratamento médico e ser considerada um instrumento eficiente na análise de resultados da artroplastia total do quadril

Quality of life in patients with dysphagia after radiation and chemotherapy treatment for head and neck tumors

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze subjectively, using the SWAL-QOL questionnaire, swallowing dys function and associated factors after treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients treated for head and neck cancer. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, based on the selection of patients with tumors of the head and neck area, treated with radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy during the years 2000 to 2006 at the Oncology Institute of Juiz de Fora. The data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 software, and were evaluated using the chisquare test to compare differences in proportions between groups. The statistical significance level was set at 5%. Results: It was observed that with respect to foods of solid consistency, there was a statistically significant difference for mouth tumors (p<0.01), with a tendency in this group to use softer foods, easier to chew (stews, boiled vegtables, creamy soups, canned fruit). With reference to the domains of the SWAL-QOL, the location of the tumor in the mouth was statistically associated with the lowest quality of life in the symptoms domain (p<0.05). The female gender variable was associated with the lowest perceived quality of life in several domains, namely swallowing (p=0.02); fatigue (p=0.008); symptoms (p=0.009). Age (split below and above 60 years) was not associated with differences in perceived quality of life in any domain. Conclusion: Tumor in the mouth and the total dose of radiation in the superior fossa were associated with the lowest quality of life in the symptoms domain. The female gender variable was associated with the lowest perceived quality of life in several domains This study shows that speech therapy should maintain a presence in the teams, to then guide the rehabilitation of organic dysphonia and mechanical dysphagia possibly afflicting patients after cancer treatment with radiation therapy and chemotherapy

Quality of life in women with breast cancer, after surgical intervention, in a city in the zona da mata region in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Objectives: To evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in women with breast cancer, after surgical intervention, attended at the regional Oncology Referral Hospital in Juiz de Fora (MG). Methods: 121 women were evaluated and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Breast Cancer-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLC 30 BR23) was applied. After the descriptive analysis, a multiple linear regression model was created. The SPSS 14 was used to build the database and to conduct the analysis. Results: the mean values of the EORTC QLC 30 BR23 showed a tendency for good HRQoL, thus, the functional scale showed the most impairment with the worst mean scores observed. There was statistical significance among the symptoms scale and obese women who underwent adjuvant radiotherapy and those who had a greater number of dissected lymph nodes. The subjective perceptions influenced all the EORTC QLC 30 BR23domains. Conclusions: after controlling the variable by functional hand, and time of surgery, the BMI variables, breast reconstruction, heavy feeling in the arm, range of motion (ROM) reduction of the shoulder, and the tight shirt-sleeve sensation proven capable of explaining HRQoL. HRQoL appears to be relatively good, but negatively influenced by subjective perceptions, in addition to treatment factors.

Impact of Periodontal Diseases on Health-Related Quality of Life of Users of the Brazilian Unified Health System

Objective. This study assessed the impact of periodontal diseases on health-related quality of life of adult users of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Study Design. A cross-sectional study was conducted on an outpatient basis. The sample included 151 adults treated in the Periodontics section at Dental Specialty Centres of Juiz de Fora (Minas Gerais, Brazil). The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) measured the impact of periodontal disease on quality of life. Participants were interviewed to obtain self-perception of general and oral health and socioeconomic data, and dental records were consulted to obtain periodontal status data. The values of central tendency of the OHIP-14 were compared with socioeconomic, demographic, and self-reported health predictors using nonparametric tests. The final analysis was performed using multiple linear regressions. Results. The results showed that psychological discomfort and physical disability exhibited a negative impact. The following variables can explain approximately 27% of the impact of oral health conditions on health-related quality of life in this group: periodontal disease, self-perceived oral health, and the need to use or replace dental prosthesis. Conclusion. The need for prosthetic rehabilitation and worse periodontal status are associated with health-related quality of life, which can be predicted by the self-perception of health

Fatores associados à fragilidade em uma população de idosos da comunidade

OBJECTIVE: To analyze if demographic and socioeconomic factors and factors related to health and health services are associated with frailty in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with 339 older adults (60 years old or more) living in Juiz de Fora, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, in 2015. A household survey was carried out and frailty was evaluated using the Edmonton Frail Scale. For the analysis of the factors associated with outcome, a theoretical model of determination was constructed with three hierarchical blocks: block 1 with demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, block 2 with the health of the older adult (divided into three sub-levels: 2.1 self-reported health variables, 2.2 selfperceived health variables, and 2.3 geriatric syndromes), and block 3 with characteristics related to health services. The variables were adjusted in relation to each other within each block; those with significance level ≤ 0.20 were included in the Poisson regression model and adjusted to a higher level, considering a level of significance of 5%. RESULTS: The prevalence of frailty among older adults was 35.7% (95%CI 30.7–40.9). Of the total, 42.2% did not present frailty; 22.1% were apparently vulnerable. Among the frail ones, 52.9% presented mild frailty, 32.2% moderate frailty, and 14.9% severe frailty. Frailty was associated with difficulty walking, need for an auxiliary device to walk, presence of caregiver, depressive disorders, and functional dependence to perform instrumental activities of daily living. CONCLUSIONS: Frailty is frequent among the older population and it is associated with health variables of the three sub-levels that make up block 2 of the theoretical hierarchical model of determination: self-reported health variables, self-perceived health variables, and geriatric syndromes.OBJETIVO: Analisar se fatores demográficos e socioeconômicos e fatores referentes à saúde e aos serviços de saúde estão associados à fragilidade em idosos comunitários. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 339 idosos (60 anos ou mais) residentes em Juiz de Fora, MG, em 2015. Foi realizado inquérito domiciliar e a fragilidade foi avaliada por meio da Escala de Fragilidade de Edmonton. Para a análise dos fatores associados ao desfecho, foi construído um modelo teórico de determinação com três blocos hierarquizados: bloco 1, com características demográficas e socioeconômicas; bloco 2, saúde do idoso (dividido em três subníveis: 2.1 variáveis de saúde referidas; 2.2 variáveis de saúde autopercebidas e 2.3 síndromes geriátricas); e o bloco 3, com características referentes aos serviços de saúde. As variáveis foram ajustadas entre si dentro de cada bloco; aquelas com nível de significância ≤ 0,20 foram incluídas no modelo de regressão de Poisson e ajustadas ao nível superior ao seu, considerando o nível de 5% de significância. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de fragilidade entre os idosos foi de 35,7% (IC95% 30,7–40,9). 42,2% não apresentaram fragilidade; 22,1% eram aparentemente vulneráveis. Entre os frágeis, 52,9% apresentaram fragilidade leve, 32,2% fragilidade moderada e 14,9% fragilidade grave. Fragilidade associou-se com dificuldade para andar, necessidade de dispositivo auxiliar para locomoção, presença de cuidador, transtornos depressivos e dependência funcional para realização das atividades instrumentais de vida diária. CONCLUSÕES: A fragilidade é frequente entre a população idosa e está associada a variáveis de saúde dos 3 subníveis que compõe o bloco 2 do modelo teórico hierárquico de determinação: variáveis de saúde referidas; variáveis de saúde autopercebidas e síndromes geriátricas