Efeitos de um programa de Enfermagem de Reabilitação na pessoa submetida a cirurgia abdominal programada

Introdução – Está amplamente descrito na literatura que a cirurgia abdominal é responsável por alterações na função respiratória. Destacam-se, ainda, na literatura os bons resultados obtidos na prevenção ou correção de complicações, nomeadamente na componente respiratória, quando programas de reabilitação são implementados no pré e pós-operatório. Objetivo –Avaliar a efeito do plano de Enfermagem de Reabilitação sobre variáveis fisiológicas, clínicas e a ansiedade nos doentes submetidos a cirurgia abdominal programada do serviço de cirurgia I da unidade de Vila Real do Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro. Métodos – Realizou-se um estudo quase-experimental e transversal. A amostra foi constituída por 30 indivíduos, que se submeteram de forma voluntária a um programa de Enfermagem de Reabilitação. A colheita de dados foi efetuada mediante o preenchimento da grelha de avaliação, em dois momentos distintos: pré-operatório e 4º dia de pós-operatório. Foram registadas variáveis de caracterização, variáveis fisiológicas, fluxo expiratório máximo (PEF), dor e ansiedade. A escala utilizada para a avaliação da ansiedade foi a escala Visual analógica VAS-A. Resultados - Na amostra em estudo, 73,3% dos indivíduos eram do sexo masculino. A idade variou entre 30 e 80 anos, com média 66,67 anos. Três dos participantes (10%) dos participantes sofrem de algum tipo de patologia respiratória e relativamente a hábitos tabágicos, estes estão presentes em 2 (6,7%) participantes. Dos principais resultados destacase que o programa de Enfermagem de Reabilitação diminuiu os níveis de ansiedade e aumentou o valor do pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE) mas não teve efeitos estatisticamente significativos nas restantes variáveis Conclusões – Os resultados vão no sentido de confirmar a necessidade e utilidade da intervenção especializada em Enfermagem de Reabilitação no doente submetido a cirurgia abdominal programada.Introduction - It is widely described in the literature that abdominal surgery is responsible for changes in respiratory function. The literature also shows that good results are obtained in the prevention or correction of complications, particularly in the respiratory component, when rehabilitation programs are implemented in the pre- and postoperative period. Objective - To evaluate the effect of a Rehabilitation Nursing plan on physiological and clinical variables and anxiety in patients undergoing scheduled abdominal surgery at the surgery department of Vila Real unit of Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro. Methods - A quasi-experimental and cross-sectional study was carried out. Where included 30 participants, who voluntarily underwent a Rehabilitation Nursing program. Data collection was performed by filling out the evaluation grid at two different times: preoperative and postoperative day 4. Characterization variables, physiological variables, peak expiratory flow (PEF), pain and anxiety were recorded. The Visual Analogue VAS-A scale was used for anxiety assessment. Results - In the study sample, 73.3% of the individuals were male. The age ranged from 30 to 80 years, with a mean of 66.67 years. Three of the participants (10%) suffer from some type of respiratory pathology and in relation to smoking habits, these are present in 2 (6.7%) participants. The main results highlight that the Rehabilitation Nursing program reduced anxiety levels and increased peak expiratory flow (PEF), but did not have statistically significant effects on the other variables Conclusions - The results are aimed at confirming the need and utility of the specialized intervention in Rehabilitation Nursing in patients undergoing scheduled abdominal surgery

Urban transportation networks and optimal transport-based infrastructures: similarity and economy of scale

Designing and optimizing the structure of urban transportation networks is a challenging task. In this study, we propose a method inspired by optimal transport theory and the principle of economy of scale that uses little information in input to generate structures that are similar to those of public transportation networks. Contrarily to standard approaches, it does not assume any initial backbone network infrastructure, but rather extracts this directly from a continuous space using only a few origin and destination points. Analyzing a set of urban train, tram and subway networks, we find a noteworthy degree of similarity in several of the studied cases between simulated and real infrastructures. By tuning one parameter, our method can simulate a range of different subway, tram and train networks that can be further used to suggest possible improvements in terms of relevant transportation properties. Outputs of our algorithm provide naturally a principled quantitative measure of similarity between two networks that can be used to automatize the selection of similar simulated networks

Monitoring coastal benthic colonization of artificial substrates with the support of DNA metabarcoding approaches

Tese de doutoramento em Biology (ramo do conhecimento em Integrated Management of the Sea)The aptitude and potential of DNA metabarcoding for high-throughput monitoring of marine macrozoobenthos has been recently demonstrated. However, there are still significant challenges retarding the widespread implementation of DNA-based monitoring strategies in coastal ecosystems. In this thesis, we tested a DNA metabarcoding-based system, coupled with artificial substrates, for monitoring marine macrozoobenthic communities. To this end, we a) assembled a comprehensive reference library of DNA barcodes for marine macroinvertebrate species of Atlantic Iberia, and evaluated gaps in species coverage, b) investigated the efficiency of different marker loci (COI and 18S) and primer-pairs in macrozoobenthos detection, c) compared the performance of DNA metabarcoding and morphology in species detection, d) compared the impact of artificial substrates, made of different materials (slate, PVC and granite) and shapes (ARMS and ASMS), on the patterns of colonization of macrozoobenthos, and e) investigated the temporal and regional variation in macrozoobentos from artificial substrates deployed in NW Atlantic Iberia. Through the compilation of a comprehensive reference library, we recorded a large portion of taxa pending barcode coverage (63%) and signaled a high proportion of species with significant intraspecific divergence (16%). The high complementary of species detection among primers and markers (maximum 13% overlap) indicated that no single marker or primer can provide a complete diagnosis of the macrozoobenthos diversity. Until more extensive monitoring data is available, DNA metabarcoding and morphology should be used in combination, to avoid missing relevant taxa and obtain abundance estimates. Unlike substrate materials,substrate shape strongly affected the colonization of species. Taxonomic diversity varied between substrates, especially when comparing ARMS and ASMS (maximum overlap 30%). Important fractions of diversity may be overlooked if only one substrate is used for monitoring. Substrate deployment periods also displayed a strong influence in the colonization of macrozoobenthos, signaling the importance of this factor for the monitoring design. We conclude that DNA metabarcoding combined with artificial substrates (especially through the combination of ARMS and ASMS) have great potential to be used in comprehensive coastal biomonitoring programs targeting macroinvertebrate biodiversity.A capacidade e o potencial do DNA metabarcoding para a monitorização de alto rendimento do macrozoobentos marinho têm sido demonstrados em estudos relativamente recentes. Contudo, existem ainda desafios significativos que têem retardado a sua implementação generalizada na monitorização de ecossistemas costeiros. Nesta tese, testamos uma abordagem de monitorização de comunidades macrozoobentónicas marinhas que conjuga DNA metabarcoding com substratos artificiais. Para esse feito, a) criámos uma biblioteca de referência de DNA barcodes para espécies macrozoobentónicas marinhas da Ibéria Atlântica, e avaliámos as lacunas na cobertura de espécies, b) investigámos a eficiência de diferentes marcadores moleculares (COI e 18S) e de primers na deteção de macrozoobentos, c) comparámos o desempenho entre morfologia e DNA metabarcoding na deteção de espécies, d) comparámos o impacto do material (ardósia, PVC e granito) e da forma (ARMS e ASMS) dos substratos artificiais nos padrões de colonização de macrozoobentos, e e) investigámos variações temporais e regionais na colonização de macrozoobentos em substratos artificiais implantados no noroeste Ibero Atlântico. Através da compilação da biblioteca de referência registou-se uma porção elevada de taxa sem DNA barcode (63%) e sinalizou-se uma grande proporção de espécies com divergência intraespecífica significativa (16%). A elevada complementaridade entre primers e marcadores na deteção de espécies (máximo 13% sobreposição), indicou que nenhum marcador ou primer consegue fornecer individualmente um diagnóstico completo da diversidade macrozoobentónica. Enquanto não estiveram disponíveis dados de monitorização mais sistematizados, tanto o DNA metabarcoding como a morfologia deverão ser utilizados, de modo a não discurar de taxa relevantes, e a obter estimativas de abundância. Contrariamente ao material, a forma dos substratos afetou fortemente a colonização de espécies. A diversidade taxonómica variou entre todos os substratos, especialmente ao comparar ARMS e ASMS (máximo 30% sobreposição). Frações importantes de diversidade poderão ser subestimadas se for apenas usado um substrato para monitorização. Os períodos de submersão dos substratos influenciaram fortemente na colonização de macrozoobenthos, evidenciando a importância deste fator no desenho da monitorização. Concluímos que o DNA metabarcoding conjugado com substratos artificiais (nomeadamente ARMS e ASMS) tem um potencial elevado para aplicação em programas de biomonitorização costeira que visem a biodiversidade de macroinvertebrados.I am grateful to the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) for supporting my PhD grant PD/BD/127994/2016, hosted by the University of Minho (Portugal) and the University of Vigo (Spain), in the scope of the PhD programme in Marine Science Technology and Management (Do*Mar). I would also like to thank the project “The NextSea: Next generation monitoring of coastal ecosystems in a scenario of global change” (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000032), supported by NORTE 2020 (Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and the “Contrato-Programa” UIDB/04050/2020 funded by national funds through the FCT I.P. (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia) for supporting this work

Feiras como espaços de hospitalidade e identidade coletiva : Feira permanente da Ceilândia/DF

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Excelência em Turismo, 2015.Esta dissertação trata das feiras como espaços de hospitalidade e identidade coletiva. O objetivo é analisar os processos de hospitalidade, comensalidade e convivência que ocorrem na feira Permanente da Ceilândia/DF. A investigação se desenvolve utilizando o método qualitativo de caráter exploratório/explicativo. O método de investigação da pesquisa foi o estudo de caso – Feira Permanente da Ceilândia/DF por meio da observação participante, entrevista e imagens fotográficas que serviram para obter o conhecimento amplo e profundo dos símbolos que refletem o pensamento e as ações dos atores. O campo simbólico de Bourdieu conduziu a análise da hospitalidade, comensalidade e convivência praticados na feira como formas de expressão cultural múltipla no Distrito Federal. A etnografia foi utilizada para reconstruir os achados a fim de responder o problema de pesquisa: se as feiras desempenham o papel de ressignificação da identidade coletiva a partir da hospitalidade, comensalidade e convivência. Assim esclarece o que ali ocorre e registra o significado do acontecimento. O estudo evidenciou que a feira possibilita para além de espaço de comércio um lugar de hospitalidade e, portanto, propenso a acolher o turista como espaço de prática cultural.The thesis deals with fairs as spaces for hospitality and collective identity. The purpose is to analyze the processes of hospitality, edibility and coexistence that happen in the Permanent Fair of Ceilândia/DF. The research is developed by using the qualitative method and exploratory analysis. The survey research method was the case study – the Permanent Fair of Ceilândia/DF – using the participant observation, interviews and photographic images that served to obtain broad and deep knowledge of symbols that reflect the thoughts and actions of the actors. The Bourdieu‘s symbolic field conducted the analysis of hospitality, edibility and coexistence experienced at the fair as multiple forms of cultural expression in the Federal District. Ethnography was used to reconstruct the findings in order to answer the research problem: if fairs play the role of redefinition of collective identity from the hospitality, edibility and coexistence. So it clarifies what happens there and records the significance of the event. The study showed that the fair provides beyond a commercial space a place of hospitality and therefore prone to welcome tourists as a cultural space

Nova Normalidade? Consumo e Identidade entre Reprodução de Desigualdades Sociais e Transformação Social no Brasil

The COVID-19 pandemic has been transforming economic, political and social realities into a so-called "new normalcy". Learning to cope with this contingency requires (re)construction of people's identity. In this study, we critically analyze the narratives of change and the consumption practices of Brazilians interviewed during the period of social distancing. We follow a critical social-psychological approach based on the works of Fromm, Rosa and Kühn. Our results show that the pandemic encourages people to reflect responsibly on their consumption, but also highlight how consumption contributes to the reproduction of social inequality, leading to polarizations within society.pandemia do COVID-19 vem transformando realidades econômicas, políticas e sociais, numa chamada "nova normalidade". Aprender a lidar com essa contingência requer (re)construção de identidade das pessoas. Neste estudo, analisamos criticamente as narrativas de mudança e as práticas de consumo de brasileiros entrevistados no período de distanciamento social. Para isso, utilizamos lentes teóricas de Fromm, Rosa e Kühn. Nossos resultados evidenciam que a pandemia estimula as pessoas a refletir com responsabilidade sobre seu consumo, mas também destacam como o consumo contribui para a reprodução da desigualdade social, levando a polarizações dentro da sociedad

Exploring the nature of the gender-congruency effect: implicit gender activation and social bias

The aim of the study was to explore the nature of the gender-congruency effect, characterized by a facilitation on the processing of congruent words in grammatical gender. Moreover, we explored whether resemblances between gender identities and gender attitudes with grammatical gender modulated lexical processing. We designed a gender-priming paradigm in Spanish, in which participants decided the gender of a masculine or feminine pronoun preceded by three different primes: biological gender nouns (mapping biological sex), stereotypical nouns (mapping biological and stereotypical information), and epicene nouns (arbitrary gender assignment). We found faster processing of gender congruent pronouns independently of the type of prime, showing that the grammatical gender feature is active even when processing bare nouns that are not conceptually related to gender. This indicates that the gendercongruency effect is driven by the activation of the gender information at the lexical level, which is transferred to the semantic level. Interestingly, the results showed an asymmetry for epicene primes: the gender-congruency effect was smaller for epicene primes when preceding the feminine pronoun, probably driven by the grammatical rule of the masculine being the generic gender. Furthermore, we found that masculine oriented attitudes can bias language processing diminishing the activation of feminine gender, which ultimately could overshadow the female figureFEDER/Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento (A-SEJ- 416-UGR20)The Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019- 111359GBI00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033

Understanding the Effects of Lactose Hydrolysis Modeling on the Main Oligosaccharides in Goat Milk Whey Permeate.

Enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose is a crucial step to improve the efficiency and selectivity of membrane-based separations toward the recovery of milk oligosaccharides free from simple sugars. Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects temperature (25.9 to 54.1 °C) and amount of enzyme (0.17 to 0.32% w/w) at 1, 2, and 4 h of reaction on the efficiency of lactose hydrolysis by Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase, preservation of major goat whey oligosaccharides, and on the de-novo formation of oligosaccharides. Lactose hydrolysis above 99% was achieved at 1, 2, and 4 h, not being significantly affected by temperature and amount of enzyme within the tested conditions. Formation of 4 Hexose (Hex) and 4 Hex 1 Hex and an increased de-novo formation of 2 Hex 1 N-Acetyl-Neuraminic Acid (NeuAc) and 2 Hex 1 N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) was observed in all treatments. Overall, processing conditions using temperatures ≤40 °C and enzyme concentration ≤0.25% resulted in higher preservation/formation of goat whey oligosaccharides

Múltiplas anomalias dentárias associadas: caso clínico

Certain human dental anomalies frequently occur together, supporting the accumulated evidence of the shared genetic control of dental developmental disturbances. The present study reports a rare and interesting case of a 12-year-old girl with an association of multiple dental abnormalities, including agenesis, tooth malposition and delayed development. The etiology and treatment planning are discussed with reference to the literature. The clinical implications of genetically controlled patterns of dental anomalies are important in the establishment of early diagnosis and appropriate orthodontic intervention.Certas anomalias dentárias humanas freqüentemente ocorrem concomitantemente, contribuindo para validar as evidências do controle genético nos distúrbios de desenvolvimento. O presente estudo relata um caso raro e interessante de uma jovem de 12 anos de idade, com associação de anormalidades dentárias múltiplas, incluindo agenesia, ectopia e atraso no desenvolvimento dentário. A etiologia e tratamento planejados são discutidos com referência à literatura. As implicações clínicas do padrão de anomalias dentárias geneticamente controladas são importantes no estabelecimento do diagnóstico precoce e de adequada intervenção ortodôntica

Brazil and covid-19: one country, several epidemics / Brasil e covid-19: um país, várias epidemias

In Brazil, the first case of Covid-19 was confirmed on February 26, 2020, in the State of São Paulo. The first case of infected indigenous people was registered on April 1, in the state of Amazonas. On June 19, Brazil reached the mark of one million cases of Covid-19. Thus, the objective of this work was to show the profile of the pandemic in Brazilian territory, as well as among the general population and the original peoples, at a time when Brazil surpassed the mark of one million confirmed cases of Covid-19. This is a descriptive, retrospective study, conducted with secondary data available online related to confirmed cases of Covid-19 in the country. The variables of interest were: incidence, mortality, testing, effective reproduction rate (Rt). From February 25 to Jul 07, 2020 (28th epidemiological week), Brazil recorded 1.672.998 confirmed cases of Covid-19, 66.828 deaths, 976.977 of recovered cases. The highest mortality rates are in states in the North Region and the lowest in states in the South Region. Regarding indigenous groups, 8.098  confirmed cases and 184 deaths. Underreporting harms the estimates of health indicators, as well as the estimation of mathematical models predictive of the virus transmission rate. Epidemiological surveillance, testing and adequate treatment are essential at this time, as well as a regionalized look at a country of continental dimensions (with actions in the present scenario as for the future), with regard to the needs of beds, supplies and professionals and awareness of the population regarding adherence to protective measures recommended by WHO.