Katanin-Dependent Microtubule Ordering in Association with ABA Is Important for Root Hydrotropism

Root hydrotropism refers to root directional growth toward soil moisture. Cortical microtubule arrays are essential for determining the growth axis of the elongating cells in plants. However, the role of microtubule reorganization in root hydrotropism remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the well-ordered microtubule arrays and the microtubule-severing protein KATANIN (KTN) play important roles in regulating root hydrotropism in Arabidopsis. We found that the root hydrotropic bending of the ktn1 mutant was severely attenuated but not root gravitropism. After hydrostimulation, cortical microtubule arrays in cells of the elongation zone of wild-type (WT) Col-0 roots were reoriented from transverse into an oblique array along the axis of cell elongation, whereas the microtubule arrays in the ktn1 mutant remained in disorder. Moreover, we revealed that abscisic acid (ABA) signaling enhanced the root hydrotropism of WT and partially rescued the oryzalin (a microtubule destabilizer) alterative root hydrotropism of WT but not ktn1 mutants. These results suggest that katanin-dependent microtubule ordering is required for root hydrotropism, which might work downstream of ABA signaling pathways for plant roots to search for water

Study on regional expansion differences of construction land and its influencing factors: The case of Xinjiang

With the concepts of the land utilization dynamic degree, and the expansion contribution rate, the paper has disclosed the characteristics of regional differences of construction land' expansion in Xinjiang province over recent twelve years. Considering various factors affecting land use structure scale change, the paper has used multiple regression analysis method to research the influencing forces of construction land, and to quantitatively judged the degree of the influence of the change of each affecting factor on the construction land. © 2009 IEEE. (15 refs.

An improved sampling approach to overcome transient effect in staircase waveform

The advantage of the new sampling approach to overcome transient effect in staircase waveform is described. Based on this sampling approach, a general form is developed in this paper. In this form, more samples of the staircase waveform are used for calculations in the measurement. It provides a better basis to achieve a lower uncertainty. The necessary theoretical basis is analyzed with interesting characteristics. The experiment results are reported.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

A new simplified approach to the error analysis of digitally synthesized signals generated by digital-to-analog converters and its fundamental component measurement without a filter

A new simplified approach to the error analysis of digitally synthesized waveforms generated by DACs is described. An experiment to compare only the fundamental component without filter is presented.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

An improved sampling approach to overcome transient effect in staircase waveform and its application

The advantage of the new sampling approach to overcome transient effect in staircase waveform is described. Based on this sampling approach, a general form is developed in this paper. In this form, more samples are used for calculations in the measurement. It provides a better basis to achieve a lower uncertainty as reduced noise impact and more information. A sine-wave experiment shows the advantage of the multi-point approach. When the more frequency components of the measured signal are asked, it faces a matter of unequal-interval sampling. It is found that the aliasing effect of sampling is solvable under the discussed condition. A novel method is developed to perform Fourier transform to extend application of Nyquist Theorem, in which the matrixes to solve the relative equation set are given out in the forms of digital and formula. Experiments for a non-sinusoidal wave validates that the higher frequency components can be analyzed, in which a differential sampling scheme is proposed.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

Further analysis of dynamic measurement function of electrical energy meter for type approval tests

The dynamic function of electrical energy meters is further analyzed and presented. It can be verified through a type approval. Test. The corresponding measurements and guidelines are discussed. Harmonic standards, and the sine modulated waveform can be used to verify the function.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

The application of the staircase waveform of a DAC for precise measurements of electrical quantities

The performance characteristics of the staircase waveform of a DAC entitled as \u201cDAC aliasing effect\u201d are analyzed and reviewed. Its applications in precise measurements in voltage and power are further proposed using the fundamental comparison.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

Analysis of Spatial Structure in the Kashgar Metropolitan Area, China

Taking metropolitan areas as space carriers has become the engine of the Chinese government in its promotion of high-quality development, and this has also become an important measure by which to balance regional development. We used Zipf’s law and the gravity model to study the urban scale distribution characteristics of the Kashgar Metropolitan Area (KMA) in this paper. We also constructed a spatial structure judgment vector for the KMA and put forward the development objectives of different circles. The findings show the following: (1) large cities have a high primacy of development, while small and medium-sized cities are underdeveloped. At present, the KMA is a concentrated monocentric-pattern metropolitan area, with Kashgar City as its core city. (2) The urban built-up area of Kashgar City is expanding to the east and south, where it has broken through the administrative boundary and become integrated with the urban built-up area of Shule County. The spatial structure characteristics of the KMA have been further clarified. The KMA forms three circles: core, middle, and outer. (3) Tumxuk City, Bachu County, Yecheng County, Shache County, and other counties are far from the core city and cannot be connected with Kashgar, but they are closely related to the surrounding cities, forming the Bachu–Tumxuk Urban Group and the Shache–Zepu–Yecheng Urban Group. This study contributes to the understanding of the characteristics of urban scale distribution and the spatial structure of metropolitan areas in arid regions, as well as providing guidance for the formulation of policies for the development of different circles in the KMA

Residue of Paclobutrazol and Its Regulatory Effects on the Secondary Metabolites of Ophiopogon japonicas

Currently, paclobutrazol is excessively used in the planting process of Ophiopogon japonicus (O. japonicus) due to its important role in regulating the growth of tuber roots, ultimately increasing the yield and shortening the growth cycle of Ophiopogonis Radix. For insight into this process and the potential risks of paclobutrazol and its mediated consequences on the secondary metabolites in Ophiopogonis Radix, corresponding high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric methods (HPLC-MS/MS) were developed in this study and then applied to Ophiopogonis Radix, soil, and water samples. The results demonstrated the detection of different levels of paclobutrazol residue were in Ophiopogonis Radix, soil, and water samples. In addition, the quantitative results of the secondary metabolites showed that paclobutrazol significantly decreased four steroidal saponins in Ophiopogonis Radix, especially ophiopogonin D, where the content was decreased from 824.87 to 172.50 mg/kg. Concurrently, ophiopogonanone C, a flavonoid in Ophiopogonis Radix, also significantly decreased from 2.66 to 1.33 mg/kg. In conclusion, the residual paclobutrazol and its negative regulation on the secondary metabolism of Ophiopogonis Radix brings potential hazards to the environment and human health. These results provide more comprehensive data that can be used for the reassessment of the use of paclobutrazol in O. japonicus and the formulation of related standards