Comparison of organic and conventional farming system in term of energy efficiency

The aim of this study was to compare the energy use in cereal crop rotation in conventional and organic farming system in terms of additional energy inputs, gross energy production, energy profit and energy efficiency evaluation in years 2003 – 2005 in the stationary field experiment established on degraded Chernozem on loess in a maize – barley growing region in south west Slovakia (near Piešťany town). Increased energy inputs caused the increase of production in the Conventional Farming System. The Conventional System was more energy demanding (about 52.5%) in comparison with the ecological one. The most energy demanding crops were those amended by farm yard manure: maize for grain (21.31 GJ ha-1in the organic system, 34.18 GJ ha-1in the conventional system) and winter wheat (17.20 GJ ha-1in the organic system, 24.60 GJ ha-1in the conventional system). The highest energy gain provided maize for grain in both farming systems (179.22 GJ ha-1in the conventional system and 177.99 GJ ha-1in the organic system)

Racionalizacija toka materijala u proizvodnji polu-okvira za automobilsku industriju

The core idea of the paper is a value stream mapping with identification of waste sources, and drawbacks which help to uncover hidden reserves of production. The analysis covers the current state of individual processes within the production line. After determination of the present drawbacks the plan of rationalization was created in which the combination of elements of lean production was used. The proposed solutions could be used when establishing the principles of lean production at particular sections of the assembly line within the whole plant. In case that proposed solution cannot be put into practice it can be used as a blueprint for other types of improvement respectively decreasing of waste and drawbacks.Osnovna ideja rada je prikaz toka vrijednosti uz identifikaciju izvora troškova i nedostataka, koji će pomoći da se razotkriju skrivene pričuve u proizvodnji. Analiza obuhvaća postojeće stanje u pojedinačnim postupcima na proizvodnoj traci. Nakon prepoznavanja postojećih nedostataka napravljen je plan racionalizacije u kojemu je rabljena kombinacija elemenata lean proizvodnje. Predložena bi se rješenja mogla primijeniti kad se primijene principi lean proizvodnje na pojedinim dijelovima montažne trake u cijelom pogonu. U slučaju da se predloženo rješenje ne može primijeniti u praksi može se koristiti kao model za druge vrste poboljšanja kao što su smanjenje otpada i nedostataka.Web of Science2341220121

Genetic diversity of Barbary lion based on genealogic analysis

Article Details: Received: 2018-09-10 | Accepted: 2018-10-17 | Available online: 2018-09-31https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2018.21.03.113-118The aim of this study was to evaluate the state of genetic diversity in population of Barbary lion based on the genealogical analysis. Currently, this lion subspecies does not occur in the wild, and its population is considered to be critically endangered. The pedigree file consisted of 545 animals, while the reference population included 445 individuals. Alongside pedigree completeness, the parameters derived from common ancestor were used to analyse the state of genetic diversity in target population. The completeness of pedigree data had significantly decreasing tendency with increasing generations. The pedigree completeness index was the highest in the first generation (68 %). The average value of the inbreeding coefficient was very similar in the reference population and the pedigree file (F = 0.05). Across generations, the trend of inbreeding increase was positive mainly due to the long-term use of specific lines and families for mating. The relative high average relatedness among individuals (AR = 0.06) only reflected the individual increase in inbreeding (3.18 %). As expected the higher level of individual increase in inbreeding was found in the pedigree file (3.41 %). The effective population size at level 26.66 confirmed that the Barbary lion is critically endangered by the loss of diversity. Because of this, the future continuous monitoring of genetic diversity of this subspecies is necessary, especially for long-term conservation purposes.Keywords: Barbary lion, diversity, endangered species, pedigree analysisReferencesALDEN, P. R. et al. (1998) National Audubon Society Field Guide to African Wildlife. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.BLACK, S. A. (2009) Return of the royal Barbary lion. BBC NEWS [Online]. Retrieved 2017-10-12 from http://news.bbc. co.uk/earth/hi/earth_news/newsid_8109000/8109945.stmBLACK, S. A. et al. (2013) Examining the Extinction of the Barbary Lion and Its Implications for Felid Conservation. PLoS ONE, vol. 8, no. 4, e60174. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0060174CERVANTES, I. et al. (2008). Population history and genetic variability in the Spanish Arab Horse assessed via pedigree analysis. Livestock science, vol. 113, no. 1, pp. 24–33.CREEL, S. and ROSENBLATT, E. (2013) Using pedigree reconstruction to estimate population size: genotypes are more than individually unique marks. Ecology and Evolution, vol. 3, no. 5, pp.1294–1304. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.538FRANKHAM, R., BALLOU, J. D. and BRISCOE, D. A. (2002) Introduction to conversation genetics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.GUTIÉREZZ, J. P. and GOYACHE, F. (2005) A note on ENDOG: a computer program for Analysis pedigree information. Journal of Animal Breeding and genetics, no. 122, pp. 172–176.GUTIÉREZZ, J. P. et al. (2008) Individual increase in inbreeding allows estimating effective sizes from pedigrees. Genetics Selection Evolution, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 359–378.GUTIÉREZZ, J. P., GOYACHE, F. and CERVANTES, I. (2009a) Endog v 4.6. A Computer Program for Monitoring Genetic Variability of Populations Using Pedigree Information. User´s Guide.GUTIÉREZZ, J. P., GOYACHE, F. and CERVANTES, I. (2009b) Improving the estimation of realized effective population sizes in farm animals. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, vol. 126, no. 4, pp. 327–332.HEMMER, H. (1974) Untersuchungen zur Stammesgeschichte der Pantherkatzen (Pantherinae) Teil 3. Zur Artgeschichte des Löwen Panthera (Panthera) leo (Linnaeus, 1758). Veröffentlichungen der Zoologischen Staatssammlung, no. 17, pp. 167–280.HILL, W.G. and ZHANG, X. S. (2004) Genetic variation within and among animal populations. In: SIMM, G. et al. (eds.) Farm animal genetic resources. Nottingham: Nottingham University Press, pp. 67–84.IUCN. (2005) IUCN. Red List of Threatened Species. Cat Specialist Group. [Online]. Retrieved 2017-12-20 from http://www.catsg.orgIUCN. (2010) IUCN. Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2010.1). [Online]. Retrieved 2017-12-20 from http://www.iucnredlist. org/details/15951/3JANEČKA, J. E. et al. (2008) Small effective population sizes of two remnant ocelot populations (Leopardus pardalis albescens) in the United States. Conservation Genetics. doi:  https://doi. org/10.1007/s10592-007-9412-1JARKOVSKÝ, J., LITTNEROVÁ, S. and DUŠEK, L. (2012) Statistical evaluation of biodiversity. Brno: Akademické nakladatelství CERM.KADLEČÍK, O. and KASARDA, R. (2007) Animal Science. Nitra: SUA (in Slovak).KADLEČÍK, O. et al. (2016) Genetic diversity Slovak Spotted and Holstein cattle. Nitra: SUA (in Slovak).KARESH, W. B., SMITH, F. and FRAZIER-TAYLOR, H. (1987) A remote method for obtaining skin biopsy samples. Conserv. Biol., no.1, pp. 261–262.LACY, R.C. (1989) Analysis of founders’ representation in pedigrees: founder equivalents and founder genome equivalentsequivalence. Zoo Biology, vol. 8, pp.111–124.LEWIS, T. W. et al. (2015) Trends in genetic diversity for all Kennel Club registered pedigree dog breeds. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology, vol. 2, no 13. doi: http://doi.org/10.1186/ s40575-015-0027-4LINNAEUS, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae sccundum classis, ordines, genera, sepecies cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 10th edition, vol. 1. 1. Holmiae (Laurentii salvii). Stockholm.MACCLUER, J. W. et al. (1983) Inbreeding and pedigree structure in Standardbred horses. J. Hered., vol. 74, pp. 394–399.NOMURA, T. (1999) A mating system to reduce Inbreeding in Selection Programmes. Theoretical Basis and Modification of Compensatory Mating. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, vol. 116, pp. 351–356.ORAVCOVÁ, M. et al. (2006) Analysis of livestock breeds in terms of the effective size of their population. Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica, vol. 9, pp. 156–159.RIGGIO, J. et al. (2013) The size of savannah Africa: a lion’s (Panthera leo). Biodiversity and Conservation. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-012-0381-4SIMON, D. L. and BUCHENAUER, D. (1993) Genetic diversity of European livestock breeds. Wageningen: WUP.SPONG, G., JOHANSSON, M. and BJӦRKLUND, M. (2000) High genetic variation in leopards indicates large and long-term stable effective population size. Molecular Ecology, vol. 9, pp. 1773– 1782. doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.01067.xTORO, M. A. et al. (2011) Assessing the genetic diversity in small farm animal populations. Animal, no. 5, pp. 1669–1683.YAMAGUCHI, N. – HADDANE, B. (2002) The North African Barbary Lion and the Atlas Lion Project (PDF). International Zoo News, vol. 49, no. 8, pp. 465–481.WILSON, O. (1992) The Diversity of Life. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.WRIGHT, S. (1922) Coefficients of inbreeding and relationship. American naturalist, no. 56, pp. 330–333.ZANIN, M. et al. (2016) Gene flow and genetic structure of the puma and jaguar in Mexico. European Journal of Wildlife Research, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 461–469. doi: https://doi. org/10.1007/s10344-016-1019-

Genome-wide characterisation of regions under intense selection based on runs of homozygosity in Charolais cattle

Submitted 2020-06-22 | Accepted 2020-07-20 | Available 2020-12-01https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2020.23.mi-fpap.347-352In this study, 68 genotyped purebred cows and bulls of Charolais cattle were used to determine runs of homozygosity (ROH) for evaluation of selection effect on the genome structure. ROH analysis was performed for 41,153 SNPs, and homozygous segments considering a minimum of 15 consecutive SNPs. The aim was to identify if regions of the genome with a high frequency of SNPs in ROH include signatures of selection. The most significant outlier SNPs were found on BTA2, 5, 7 and 19 (11 regions), with a sum of ROH length of 15.85 Mb. These regions contained genes included in various biological processes associated with the functioning of the immune system, growth, reproduction and metabolism. Various quantitative traits loci (QTLs) which affected the characteristics of meat production and reproduction have been identified in these regions. Overall, obtained results suggest that the Charolais cattle genome includes selection signatures reflecting the improvement of meat production and reproduction in accordance to breeding objecives.Keywords: artificial selection, autozygosity, beef, bovine, candidate genesReferencesAspatwar, A. et al. (2014). Carbonic anhydrase related proteins: molecular biology and evolution. Subcell. Biochem. 75: 135–156.Biscarini, F. et al. (2019). detectRUNS: an R package to detect runs of homozygosity and heterozygosity in diploid genomes. The R Project. Retrieved June 8, 2019 from https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/detectRUNS/vignettes/detectRUNS.vignette.htmlDixit, S. P. et al. (2020). Genome-Wide Runs of Homozygosity Revealed Selection Signatures in Bos indicus. Front. Genet. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.00092Gaudet, P. et al. (2011). Phylogenetic-based Propagation of Functional Annotations Within the Gene Ontology Consortium. Brief Bioinform, 12(5): 446-62. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbr042Chang, C.C. (2015). Second-generation PLINK: rising to the challenge of larger and richer datasets. GigaScience, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13742-015-0047-8Jahuey-Martinez, F. L. et al. (2019). Signatures of selection in Charolais beef cattle identified by genome‐wide analysis. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 136(5). https://doi.org/10.1111/jbg.12399Mallikarjunappa, S. et al. (2018) Short communication: Uncovering quantitative trait loci associated with resistance to Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis infection in Holstein cattle using a high-density single nucleotide polymorphism panel, Journal of Dairy Science, 101(8):7280-7286. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-14388Marras, G. et al. (2015). Analysis of runs of homozygosity and their relationship with inbreeding in five cattle breeds farmed in Italy. Anim. Genet., 46, 110–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/age.12259Mastrangelo, S. (2020). Genome‐wide detection of signatures of selection in three Valdostana cattle populations. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbg.12476Mastrangelo, S. et al. (2019). Novel and known signals of selection for fat deposition in domestic sheep breeds from Africa and Eurasia. In PLoS ONE 14(6): e0209632. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209632McTavish E.J. (2013). New world cattle show ancestry from multiple independent domestication events. PNAS, 110(15): 1398–1406. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1303367110Mészáros, G. et al. (2015) Genomic analysis for managing small and endangered populations: A case study in Tyrol Grey cattle. Front. Genet, 13(6):173. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2015.00173Moravčíková, N. et al. (2019). Analysis of selection signatures in the beef cattle genome. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 64(12): 491–503. https://doi.org/10.17221/226/2019-CJASMoravčíková, N. et al.(2018). Genomic Response to Natural Selection within Alpine Cattle Breeds. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 63(4):136-143. https://doi.org/10.17221/62/2017-CJASOnzima, R. B. et al. (2018). Genome-Wide Characterisation of Selection Signatures and Runs of Homozygosity in Ugandan Goat Breeds. Front. Genet. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2018.00318Patel, A. B. et al. (2017). Identification of single nucleotide polymorphism from Indian Bubalus bubalis through targeted sequence capture. Current Science, 112(6): 1230. ISSN 0011-3891Pomichal. (2009) The breeding program of Charolais cattle. The Slovak Beef Breeders Association, cooperative. Retrieved June 8, 2019 from http://www.zchmd.eu/charolaisPurfield, D.C. et al. (2012). Runs of homozygosity and population history in cattle. BMC Genet., 13, 70. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2156-13-70Purfield, D.C. et al. (2017). The Distribution of Runs of Homozygosity and Selection Signatures in Six Commercial Meat Sheep Breeds. In PLoS ONE 12(5): e0176780. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0176780Shi, L. et al. (2020). Estimation of inbreeding and identification of regions under heavy selection based on runs of homozygosity in a Large White pig population. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 11(46). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-020-00447-0Szmatoła, T. et al. (2019). A Comprehensive Analysis of Runs of Homozygosity of Eleven Cattle Breeds Representing Different Production Types. Animals, 9(12), https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9121024Szmatoła, T. et al. (2020). Detection of runs of homozygosity in conserved and commercial pig breeds in Poland. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbg.12482The Breeding Services of the Slovak Republic, s.e. (2019). The results of beef and suckling cows performance recording in Slovak Republic, Year 2019. The Breeding Services of the Slovak Republic, s.e. Retrieved June 8, 2020 from http://test.plis.sk/volne/rocenkamagazin/rocenka.aspx?id=kump2019Trukhachev, V. et al. (2015). Myostatin gene (MSTN) polymorphism with a negative effect on meat productivity in Dzhalginsky Merino sheep breed. In J.BioSci. Biotechnol. 4(2):191-199 

Surface Integrity Evaluation of Brass CW614N after Impact of Acoustically Excited Pulsating Water Jet

AbstractPresented article is focused on surface integrity evaluation of brass CW614N form the sight of surface topography, structural changes in surface layers and strengthening character in subsurface layers after impact of acoustically excited pulsating water jet (PWJ). Surface topography was evaluated using optical profilometry. Structural changes in subsurface layer were observed based on mass material removal Δm [mg/s] and maximal depth of penetrance of PWJ hmax [mm]. Nano indentation measurement according to Berkovich were used to examination of strengthening character in subsurface layer. Disintegration of experimental samples was performed under constant technological conditions: hydraulic power of plunger pump Ph = 19kW; round nozzle diameter d = 1.6mm; feed speed rate v = 0.75mm/s; pressure of plunger pump p = 38MPa, stand-off distance of nozzle from target material z = 45mm; ultrasound frequency f = 20.29kHz and as variable factor was set power of ultrasound P on values 340, 360 and 380W. In terms of surface topography experimental investigation proved that PWJ under selected conditions is not suitable for precision machining. Evaluation of the surface characteristics indicates that the chemical composition has a significant effect on material weight loss Δm [mg/s] and a maximum depth of penetration of PWJ hmax [mm]. Evaluation of characteristics of subsurface layer was observed strengthened area with lower elasticity

Strengthening Effect after Disintegration of Stainless Steel Using Pulsating Water Jet

The article deals with the measurement of micro-hardness of the track by the action of ultrasonic excitation of pulsating water jet. The cumulative effect of liquid matter in the form of droplets concentrated in waveform measurements was provided in horizontal and vertical direction to material core (AISI 304). The material was subjected to pressures of p = 40, 50 and 60 MPa with the actuator working at a frequency of 20,14 kHz and traverse speed v = 1,1 mm/s, v = 0,80 mm/s and v = 0,30 mm/s respectively. The micro hardness measurement was carried out after machining it by pulsating water jet. The values were recorded in the zone located transversally under the trace to the depth of 1,5 mm with 0,1 mm distance between successive points. It was found that the deformation of material was ascertained from the boundary to the outer environment created by pulsating water jet to the inner core of the material. The results indicate that the pressure was the most influential parameter, which was responsible for the deformation strengthening of the material

Peculiarities in produced particles emission in 208Pb + Ag(Br) interactions at 158 A GeV/c

The angular structures of particles produced in 208Pb induced collisions with Ag(Br) nuclei in an emulsion detector at 158 A GeV/c have been investigated. Nonstatistical ring-like substructures in azimuthal plane of the collision have been found and their parameters have been determined. The indication on the formation of the ring-like substructures from two symmetrical emission cones - one in the forward and other in the backward direction in the center-of mass system have been obtained. The ring-like substructures parameters have been determined. The experimental results are in an agreement with I.M. Dremin idea, that mechanism of the ring-like substructures formation in nuclear collisions is similar to that of Cherenkov electromagnetic radiation.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, Report at the HADRON STRUCTURE'04 Conference, Smolenice, Slovakia, 30.8.-3.9.200

Monitoring of focusing tube wear during abrasive waterjet (AWJ) cutting of AISI 309

The paper deals with the investigating the possibility of using vibrations as a potential source of information for the detection of the malfunctions during the abrasive supplying and focusing tube wear in the process of AWJ. The tested material was the stainless steel AISI 309. Variable factors in the experiment were the abrasive mass flow ma and the focusing tube diameter df. The scanned vibration signal of the material was subjected to frequency analysis. With the increase of the abrasive mass flow, the shift of the amplitudes will follow the opposite direction and decrease. Frequency spectra of all assessed signals are similar by shape in the high-frequency area

Návrh strategie podniku

Import 20/04/2006Prezenční výpůjčkaVŠB - Technická univerzita Ostrava. Ekonomická fakulta. Katedra (152) podnikohospodářsk