Merging several separate data acquisition systems at GANIL

International audienceThe Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions (GANIL) as a National User's facility must answer to the problems of synchronization for the coupling of resident and external acquisition systems. For this a solution made up of a C-size VXI electronics called CENTRUM and a software named MERGER was adopted. The technique used for synchronization is based on the distribution of a 32-bit event number or a 48-bit timestamp. The tagged events sent by the various acquisition systems on the network are assembled by MERGER in a single event and sent for the analysis and storag

NEDA—NEutron Detector Array

The NEutron Detector Array, NEDA, will form the next generation neutron detection system that has been designed to be operated in conjunction with γ-ray arrays, such as the tracking-array AGATA, to aid nuclear spectroscopy studies. NEDA has been designed to be a versatile device, with high-detection efficiency, excellent neutron-γ discrimination, and high rate capabilities. It will be employed in physics campaigns in order to maximise the scientific output, making use of the different stable and radioactive ion beams available in Europe. The first implementation of the neutron detector array NEDA with AGATA 1π was realised at GANIL. This manuscript reviews the various aspects of NEDA

The new neutron multiplicity filter NEDA and its first physics campaign with AGATA

A new neutron multiplicity filter NEDA, after a decade of design, R&D and construction, was employed in its first physics campaign with the AGATA spectrometer. Properties and performance of the array are discussed

Les alpages sentinelles : un dispositif original pour une nouvelle forme de gouvernance partagée face aux enjeux climatiques

International audienceThe Ecrins National Park organized a meeting of its Agriculture Commission to discuss repeated droughts and fears arising from the impact of alpine farming practices on high altitude environments. The alpine pasture was pronounced an area of shared challenges in terms of climate change, involving the co-responsibility of livestock farmers and the Park. It was also seen as an ideal area for observation and intervention based on cooperation. The ideas put forward led to the creation of the Sentinel Alpine Pastures programme.The ultimate aim of this programme is to anticipate the impact of climate events in order to ensure sustainable alpine pasture management. Studying modes of adaptation to events is part of a long-term approach to address the complex dynamics of climate change. We show how this approach, the information collection protocols and the data capitalization methods implemented aim to meet the requirements stemming from this current issue: involvement of all actors (livestock farmers and herdsmen, farming technicians, pastoral systems specialists, researchers and managers of protected areas), collective learning based on shared observations, and integration of an alpine pasture farms system. The programme works as a tool providing help with analysis and decision-making in relation to processes involving the climate, the environment, pastoral practices and livestock farming systems. The work collectives implementing it are also paving the way for new forms of governance in terms of the relations between pastoralism and local area stakeholders.En raison de sécheresses répétées et de craintes des conséquences de changements des pratiques pastorales sur les milieux d'altitude, le Parc national des Écrins a réuni sa Commission Agriculture : l'alpage a été reconnu comme un espace à enjeux partagés face au changement climatique, impliquant la coresponsabilité des éleveurs et du Parc, et comme un territoire privilégié d'observation et d'intervention en coopération. Cette posture est à la base de la conception du programme Alpages sentinelles.Sa finalité est d'anticiper l'impact des aléas climatiques afin d'assurer une gestion durable des alpages. L'étude des modes d'adaptation aux aléas s'inscrit dans une perspective de long terme face à la dynamique lourde du changement climatique. Nous montrons comment la démarche, les protocoles de recueil d'information et les formes de valorisation visent à répondre aux exigences suivantes, induites par cette problématique émergente : mobiliser l'ensemble des acteurs (éleveurs et bergers, techniciens agricoles, pastoralistes, chercheurs et gestionnaires d'espaces protégés), favoriser les apprentissages collectifs à partir de constats partagés, intégrer une approche du système alpage-exploitation. Les collectifs de travail qui font fonctionner cet outil d'aide à l'analyse et à la décision sur les processus qui se nouent entre climat, milieux, pratiques pastorales et systèmes d'élevage préfigurent aussi de nouvelles formes de gouvernance des relations entre pastoralisme et territoire

Eastern Europe 1939-2000

This book examines the post-war history of Eastern Europe from the perspective of social history. It examines the nature and impact of socialist dictatorships on life in the region, and reveals the extent to which phenomena that emerged during the dictatorships are shaping society in the region today. It also integrates research conducted in the archives opened in the last eleven years into a general history of the region