Letter from a SPAR

Dear Homemaker Staff: You asked me about my training in the SPARS- In between musters for mess, drill and shots. I will try to give you some idea of what college training means in the SPARS

Attuning to Need: Reconceptualizing “Help” in Poor Rural Areas

Social isolation is closely linked to overall health and well-being and is a serious concern for those in rural areas. Our research seeks insights into the needs experienced in poor rural areas by utilizing letter writing between students and community agency participants as a research methodology. In the letters, we observed that community participants relied upon friend and family style relationships and even viewed their agency relationships as such. This suggests that transforming professional helping relationships into alliances that are less impersonal might be in order. Such relationships and connections seemed conducive to the development of empowering self-efficacy. This finding prompts questions regarding the type and quality of relationships that are built and sustained by providers at rural community-based organizations

Prospectus, November 6, 1980

RONALD REAGAN WINS IN LANDSLIDE; Senate sees transition; Incumbents prevail in local elections; Letters to the editors: PC\u27s blackboards aren\u27t black, Pig beats Choir at annual IOC Pumpkin Contest; Come One, Come All; Blood drive successful, donator\u27s names listed; STUGO tells ORGII winners; Did You Know That...?; \u27The Moonies\u27: Manning tells all; Students prepare INTERCOM; Speech team opens season impressively; Concerts-entertaining, but pocket-picking; Science You Can See: Astronomy--world\u27s oldest science??; Versatility is key to small radio operation; Tennis courts dedicated; You can win $500 in Art Competition; PC Datebook; Chautaqua programs offered at Parkland; Laura Wetzel discusses domestic violence--Nov. 12; \u27Scary Monster\u27 -- one of Bowie\u27s best; What would you do if C-U faced a nuclear attack? See \u27The War Game.\u27; PC sponsors workshop on drug abuse at the Innsbruck Lodge; Intramural Standings; Forum on arthritic hands offered; Drug abuse workshop; Classifieds; Cobras win sectional tourney: State tournament this weekend; Swags vs. Naturals in finals; \u27Skins, Bears having problems; Shawn Lafferty wins second time; Fast Freddy Contest; Men\u27s 30 and over league begins Dec. 9https://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1980/1014/thumbnail.jp

The M2a macrophage phenotype accompanies pulmonary granuloma resolution in Mmp12 knock-out mice instilled with multiwall carbon nanotubes

Sarcoidosis is a chronic disease with unknown etiology and pathophysiology, characterized by granuloma formation. Matrix Metalloproteinase-12 (MMP12) is an elastase implicated in active granulomatous sarcoidosis. Previously, we reported that oropharyngeal instillation of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) into C57Bl/6 mice induced sarcoid-like granulomas and upregulation of MMP12. When Mmp12 knock-out (KO) mice were instilled with MWCNT, granuloma formation occurred 10 days post-instillation but subsequently resolved at 60 days. Thus, we concluded that MMP12 was essential to granuloma persistence. The aim of the current study was to identify potential mechanisms of granuloma resolution in Mmp12KO mice. Strikingly, an M2 macrophage phenotype was present in Mmp12KO but not in C57Bl/6 mice. Between 10 and 60 days, macrophage populations in MWCNT-instilled Mmp12KO mice demonstrated an M2c to M2a phenotypic shift, with elevations in levels of IL-13, an M2 subtype-regulating factor. Furthermore, the M2 inducer, Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and Matrix Metalloproteinase-14 (MMP14), a promoter of collagen degradation, were upregulated in 60-day MWCNT-instilled Mmp12KO mice. In conclusion, alveolar macrophages express two M2 phenotypes in Mmp12KO mice: M2c at 10 days when granulomas form, and M2a at 60 days when granulomas are resolving. Findings suggest that granuloma resolution in 60-day Mmp12KO mice requires an M2a macrophage phenotype.ECU Open Access Publishing Support Fun

The Iowa Homemaker vol.23, no.2

Presenting 1943 Veishea, Dorothy Walker, page 1 Keeping Up With Today, Margaret Ralston, page 4 Letter from a SPAR, Mary Leffler, page 5 Demand for Day Nurseries, Marjory Gillingham, page 6 Freezing Preserves Victory Foods, Frances Madigan, page 7 Gardens Challenge Faculty, Lois Stewart, page 8 Food Affects Morale, Dr. Lowell Selling, page 9 Vicky Favors Simplicity, Mary Lou Springer, page 10 An Economist Interprets Food Problems, Dorothy Conquest, page 11 Grooming for a Career, Mary Schmidt, page 12 Students Enlist, Annette DeLay, page 13 The Red Cross Canteen Corps Mobilize, page 14 What’s New in Home Economics, Lily Houseman, page 16 Women to Know, Josephine Ahern, page 18 Home Economists Plan for the WAAC, Frances Kerekes, page 19 Canada Organizes for Nutrition, Mary Ellen Sullivan, page 20 Experience Gleaned, Janet Russell, page 22 Eggs Spell Good Nutrition, Marian Loofe, page 23 Commissioned in Dietetics, Victoria McKibben, page 24 Across Alumnae Desks, Virginia Carter, page 26 Whole Grains Fortify, Shirley Like, page 28 Designed for Art Majors, JoAnne Nicholson, page 29 Alums in the News, Rachel Ann Lusher, page 31 Meals on the Move, Catherine Tidemanson, page 3

Myeloid ABCG1 Deficiency Enhances Apoptosis and Initiates Efferocytosis in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells of Murine Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Induced Granuloma Model

The use of carbon nanotubes has increased in the past few decades. Carbon nanotubes are implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary sarcoidosis, a chronic granulomatous inflammatory condition. We developed a murine model of chronic granulomatous inflammation using multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to investigate mechanisms of granuloma formation. Using this model, we demonstrated that myeloid deficiency of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) cholesterol transporter (ABCG1) promotes granuloma formation and fibrosis with MWCNT instillation; however, the mechanism remains unclear. Our previous studies showed that MWCNT induced apoptosis in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells of wild-type (C57BL/6) mice. Given that continual apoptosis causes persistent severe lung inflammation, we hypothesized that ABCG1 deficiency would increase MWCNT-induced apoptosis thereby promoting granulomatous inflammation and fibrosis. To test our hypothesis, we utilized myeloid-specific ABCG1 knockout (ABCG1 KO) mice. Our results demonstrate that MWCNT instillation enhances pulmonary fibrosis in ABCG1 KO mice compared to wild-type controls. Enhanced fibrosis is indicated by increased trichrome staining and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) expression in lungs, together with an increased expression of TGF-β related signaling molecules, interleukin-13 (IL-13) and Smad-3. MWCNT induced more apoptosis in BAL cells of ABCG1 KO mice. Initiation of apoptosis is most likely mediated by the extrinsic pathway since caspase 8 activity and Fas expression are significantly higher in MWCNT instilled ABCG1 KO mice compared to the wild type. In addition, TUNEL staining shows that ABCG1 KO mice instilled with MWCNT have a higher percentage of TUNEL positive BAL cells and more efferocytosis than the WT control. Furthermore, BAL cells of ABCG1 KO mice instilled with MWCNT exhibit an increase in efferocytosis markers, milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) and integrin β3. Therefore, our observations suggest that ABCG1 deficiency promotes pulmonary fibrosis by MWCNT, and this effect may be due to an increase in apoptosis and efferocytosis in BAL cells

Factors Associated with Revision Surgery after Internal Fixation of Hip Fractures

Background: Femoral neck fractures are associated with high rates of revision surgery after management with internal fixation. Using data from the Fixation using Alternative Implants for the Treatment of Hip fractures (FAITH) trial evaluating methods of internal fixation in patients with femoral neck fractures, we investigated associations between baseline and surgical factors and the need for revision surgery to promote healing, relieve pain, treat infection or improve function over 24 months postsurgery. Additionally, we investigated factors associated with (1) hardware removal and (2) implant exchange from cancellous screws (CS) or sliding hip screw (SHS) to total hip arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty, or another internal fixation device. Methods: We identified 15 potential factors a priori that may be associated with revision surgery, 7 with hardware removal, and 14 with implant exchange. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses in our investigation. Results: Factors associated with increased risk of revision surgery included: female sex, [hazard ratio (HR) 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-2.50; P = 0.001], higher body mass index (fo

Letter from a SPAR

Dear Homemaker Staff: You asked me about my training in the SPARS- In between musters for mess, drill and shots. I will try to give you some idea of what college training means in the SPARS.</p

PPARγ Deficiency in Carbon Nanotube-elicited Granulomatous Inflammation Promotes a Th17 Response to a Microbial Antigen

BACKGROUND: The pathological consequences of interaction between environmental carbon pollutants and microbial antigens have not been fully explored. We developed a murine model of multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-elicited granulomatous disease which bears a striking resemblance to sarcoidosis, a human granulomatous disease. Because of reports describing lymphocyte reactivity to mycobacterial antigens in sarcoidosis patients, we hypothesized that addition of mycobacterial antigen (ESAT-6) to MWCNT might elicit activation in T cells. METHODS: Macrophage-specific peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) knock out (KO) mice were studied along with wild-type mice because our previous report indicated PPARγ deficiency in sarcoidosis alveolar macrophages. MWCNT+ESAT-6 were instilled into mice. Controls received vehicle (surfactant-PBS) or ESAT-6 and were evaluated 60 days post-instillation. As noted in our recent publication, lung tissues from PPARγ KO mice instilled with MWCNT+ESAT-6 yielded more intensive pathophysiology, with elevated fibrosis. RESULTS: Inspection of mediastinal lymph nodes (MLN) revealed no granulomas but deposition of MWCNT. MLN cell counts were higher in PPARγ KO than in wild-type instilled with MWCNT+ESAT-6. Moreover, the CD4:CD8 T cell ratio, a major clinical metric for human disease, was increased in PPARγ KO mice. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from PPARγ KO mice instilled with MWCNT+ESAT-6 displayed increased Th17 cell markers (RORγt, IL-17A, CCR6) which associate with elevated fibrosis. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that PPARγ deficiency in macrophages may promote ESAT-6-associated T cell activation in the lung, and that the MWCNT+ESAT-6 model may offer new insights into pathways of lymphocyte-mediated sarcoidosis histopathology