The Relationships among Self-Worth Contingency on Others’ Approval, Appearance Comparisons on Facebook, and Adolescent Girls’ Body Esteem: A Cross-Cultural Study

The present study examined the relationship between appearance-related social comparison on social networking services (SNSs) and body esteem in a cross-cultural context (three European countries, i.e., Austria, Belgium, and Spain, versus one Asian country, i.e., South Korea). The role of self-worth contingency on others’ approval was considered to be a psychological and cultural factor. Utilizing a large-scale cross-national survey of early and middle adolescents in 2017, the responses of female adolescents (N = 981) were analyzed. The results generally support the findings from previous studies but also reveal cultural differences. Appearance comparison on Facebook negatively influenced girls’ body esteem in all European countries, but not in South Korea. Self-worth contingency on others’ approval negatively influenced girls’ body esteem across all four countries. Finally, a positive relationship between self-worth contingency on others’ approval and appearance comparison on Facebook was found in all European countries, but not among Korean girls. These findings suggest the importance of self-worth contingency on others’ approval and cultural contexts can be used to study the effects of body image-related SNS use

Semi-empirical model to determine pre- and post-neutron fission product yields and neutron multiplicity

© 2022, The Korean Physical Society.Post-neutron emission fission product mass distributions are calculated by using pre-neutron emission fission product yields (FPYs) and neutron multiplicity. A semi-empirical model is used to calculate the pre-neutron FPY, first. Then the neutron multiplicity for each fission fragment mass is used to convert the pre-neutron FPY to the post-neutron FPY. In doing so, assumptions are made for the probability for a pre-emission fission fragment with a mass number A∗ to decay to a post-emission fragment with a mass number A. The resulting post-neutron FPYs are compared with the data available. The systems where the experimental data of not only the pre- and post-neutron FPY but also neutron multiplicity are available are the thermal neutron-induced fission of 233U, 235U and 239Pu. Thus, we applied the model calculations to these systems and compared the calculation results with those from the GEF and the data from the ENDF and the EXFOR libraries. Both the pre- and post-neutron fission product mass distributions calculated by using the semi-empirical model and the neutron multiplicity reproduce the overall features of the experimental data.11Nsciescopuskc

Calculation of fission product yields for uranium isotopes by using a semi-empirical model

A semi-empirical model for calculating the fission product yields (FPY) of neutron induced fissions of uranium isotopes is developed, where the FPY are assumed to be proportional to the level density of a microcanonical ensemble of a compound nucleus at the fission barrier. The fission height that determines the level density is modeled as a sum of two parts; a symmetric part and an asymmetric part. The origin of the symmetric part can be attributed to the liquid drop model, and that of the asymmetric part to the shell effect in the fission products. Our model has essentially just seven adjustable parameters. They are fitted to the ENDF/B-VII.1 fission yield data of various uranium isotopes for the mass number ranging from 232 to 238 induced by thermal and fast (500 keV) neutrons. Five of the resulting parameters are nearly independent of the mass number of the uranium isotopes. Two parameters which change with the mass number of the uranium isotopes can be expressed as a linear function of the mass number. The FPY calculated from our model are found to be in a good agreement with both the ENDF and experimental data

Fission yields data generation and benchmarks of decay heat estimation of a nuclear fuel

Fission yields data with the ENDF-6 format of 235U, 239Pu, and several actinides dependent on incident neutron energies have been generated using the GEF code. In addition, fission yields data libraries of ORIGEN-S, -ARP modules in the SCALE code, have been generated with the new data. The decay heats by ORIGEN-S using the new fission yields data have been calculated and compared with the measured data for validation in this study. The fission yields data ORIGEN-S libraries based on ENDF/B-VII.1, JEFF-3.1.1, and JENDL/FPY-2011 have also been generated, and decay heats were calculated using the ORIGEN-S libraries for analyses and comparisons

Fission yields data generation and benchmarks of decay heat estimation of a nuclear fuel

Fission yields data with the ENDF-6 format of 235U, 239Pu, and several actinides dependent on incident neutron energies have been generated using the GEF code. In addition, fission yields data libraries of ORIGEN-S, -ARP modules in the SCALE code, have been generated with the new data. The decay heats by ORIGEN-S using the new fission yields data have been calculated and compared with the measured data for validation in this study. The fission yields data ORIGEN-S libraries based on ENDF/B-VII.1, JEFF-3.1.1, and JENDL/FPY-2011 have also been generated, and decay heats were calculated using the ORIGEN-S libraries for analyses and comparisons

Characterization of Emission Factors Concerning Gasoline, LPG, and Diesel Vehicles via Transient Chassis-Dynamometer Tests

Gaseous emissions from vehicles contribute substantially to air pollution and climate change. Vehicular emissions also contain secondary pollutants produced via chemical reactions that occur between the emitted gases and atmospheric air. This study aims at understanding patterns concerning emission of regulated, greenhouse, and precursor gases, which demonstrate potential for secondary aerosol (SA) formation, from vehicles incorporating different engine technologies—multi-point injection (MPI) and gasoline direct injection (GDI)—and using different fuels—gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and diesel. Drive cycles from the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) were used in this study. Results obtained from drive cycle tests demonstrate a decline in aggregate gas emissions corresponding to an increase in average vehicle speed. CO2 accounts for more than 99% of aggregate gaseous emissions. In terms of concentration, CO and NH3 form predominantly non-CO2 emissions from gasoline and LPG vehicles, whereas nitrogen oxides (NOx) and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) dominate diesel-vehicle emissions. A higher percentage of SO2 is emitted from diesel vehicles compared to their gasoline- and LPG-powered counterparts. EURO-5- and EURO-6-compliant vehicles equipped with diesel particulate filters (DPFs) tend to emit higher amounts of NO2 compared to EURO-3-compliant vehicles, which are not equipped with DPFs. Vehicles incorporating GDI tend to emit less CO2 compared to those incorporating MPI, albeit at the expense of increased CO emissions. The authors believe that results reported in this paper concerning regulated and unregulated pollutant-emission monitoring can contribute towards an accurate evaluation of both primary and secondary air-pollution scenarios in Korea